An image coding method comprising: obtaining current signals to be coded of each of the processing units of the image; generating a binary signal by performing binarization on each of the current signals to be coded; selecting a context for each of the current signals to be coded from among a plurality of contexts; performing arithmetic coding of the binary signal by using coded probability information associated with the context selected in the selecting; and updating the coded probability information based on the binary signal, wherein, in the selecting, the context for the current signal to be coded is selected, as a shared context, for a signal which is included in one of a plurality of processing units and has a size different from a size of the processing unit including the current signal to be coded.

A method of data encoding input data values of a data set for encoding includes selecting one of a plurality of complementary sub-ranges of a set of code values according to the value of a current input data value, the set of code values being defined by a range variable, assigning the current input data value to a code value within the selected sub-range, modifying the set of code values in dependence upon the assigned code value and the size of the selected sub-range, detecting whether the range variable defining the set of code values is less than a predetermined minimum size and if so, successively increasing the range variable so as to increase the size of the set of code values until it has at least the predetermined minimum size and outputting an encoded data bit in response to each such size-increasing operation, and after encoding a group of input data values, setting the range variable to a value selected from a predetermined subset of available range variable values, each value in the subset having at least one least significant bit equal to zero.

Data stream having a representation of a neural network encoded thereinto, the data stream including serialization parameter indicating a coding order at which neural network parameters, which define neuron interconnections of the neural network, are encoded into the data stream.

Methods and apparatus are provided for improved entropy encoding and decoding. An apparatus includes a video encoder (200) for encoding at least a block in a picture by transforming a residue of the block to obtain transform coefficients, quantizing the transform coefficients to obtain quantized transform coefficients, and entropy coding the quantized transform coefficients. The quantized transform coefficients are encoded using a flag to indicate that a current one of the quantized transform coefficients being processed is a last non-zero coefficient for the block having a value greater than or equal to a specified value.

A method encoding data values of a data set, including: selecting one of plural complementary sub-ranges of a code values set according to a current input data value, the code values set defined by a range variable; assigning the current input data value to a code value within the selected sub-range; modifying the code values set depending on the assigned code value and size of the selected sub-range; detecting whether the range variable is less than a predetermined minimum size and if so, successively increasing the range variable to increase the code values set size to at least the predetermined minimum size; outputting an encoded data bit in response to each size-increasing operation; after encoding a group of input data values, setting the range variable to a value selected from a predetermined subset of available range variable values, each subset value having at least one least significant bit of zero.

There is provided a computer-implemented method of compressing a baseline dataset, comprising: creating a weight function that calculates a weight for each instance of each unique data elements in the baseline dataset, as a function of sequential locations of each of the instances of each respective unique data element within the baseline dataset, creating an output dataset storing a codeword for each one of the unique data elements, wherein codewords are according to a compression rule defining data elements associated with a relatively higher weight as being associated with codewords that are relatively shorter, dynamically creating the compressed dataset by sequentially iterating, for each current sequential location of the baseline dataset: determining an encoded data element mapped to the respective data element of the current sequential location according to the weight function, and adjusting the codewords of the output dataset according to the current weights to maintain the compression rule.

Image data having ultra-high definition at a high frame rate is processed to obtain image data, having a basic format, from which an image having high definition at a basic frame rate is to be obtained, image rate, having a first enhancement format, from which an image having high definition at a high frame rate is to be obtained, image data, having a second enhancement format, from which an image having ultra-high definition at a basic frame rate is to be obtained, and image data, having a third enhancement format, from which an image having ultra-high definition at a high frame rate is to be obtained. A basic video stream containing an encoded image data of the image data having the basic format, and a predetermined number of enhancement video streams containing the encoded image data of the image data having the first, second, and third enhancement formats are produced.

Image data having ultra-high definition at a high frame rate is processed to obtain image data, having a basic format, from which an image having high definition at a basic frame rate is to be obtained, image rate, having a first enhancement format, from which an image having high definition at a high frame rate is to be obtained, image data, having a second enhancement format, from which an image having ultra-high definition at a basic frame rate is to be obtained, and image data, having a third enhancement format, from which an image having ultra-high definition at a high frame rate is to be obtained. A basic video stream containing an encoded image data of the image data having the basic format, and a predetermined number of enhancement video streams containing the encoded image data of the image data having the first, second, and third enhancement formats are produced.

A binary arithmetic device includes an LPS/MPS determining unit that determines, using a context variable, a range length, and an offset, whether a code is an inferior probability code or a superior probability code, a renormalization processing unit that performs renormalization processing on the range length and the offset, and a context-variable calculating unit that derives the binary data of the code using a determination result and updates the context variable according to the determination result. The renormalization processing unit 15 includes a first renormalizing unit and a second renormalizing unit and a selecting unit that selects, according to the determination result, an output of the first renormalizing unit or an output of the second renormalizing unit.

A system utilizing a high throughput coding mode for CABAC in HEVC is described. The system may include an electronic device configured to obtain a block of data to be encoded using an arithmetic based encoder; to generate a sequence of syntax elements using the obtained block; to compare an Absolute-3 value of the sequence or a parameter associated with the Absolute-3 value to a preset value; and to convert the Absolute-3 value to a codeword using a first code or a second code that is different than the first code, according to a result of the comparison.