Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter.

Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter.

In order to make it possible to prevent occurrence of an interference among terminal apparatuses when a base station forms a beam toward a terminal apparatus by beam-forming to transmit a downlink signal, and to improve reception quality at a terminal apparatus. A base station of the present disclosure includes a memory storing instructions and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: perform channel estimations respectively on a plurality of terminal apparatuses; and determine a transmission layer of a target terminal apparatus by comparing angular profiles respectively obtained on the basis of channel estimates on the target terminal apparatus and at least one comparable terminal apparatus out of the plurality of terminal apparatuses and performing a path exclusion process to exclude, from transmission layers of the target terminal apparatus, a path that falls within a certain angular range around a path angle indicated by an angular profile of the at least one comparable terminal apparatus.

In order to make it possible to prevent occurrence of an interference among terminal apparatuses when a base station forms a beam toward a terminal apparatus by beam-forming to transmit a downlink signal, and to improve reception quality at a terminal apparatus. A base station of the present disclosure includes a memory storing instructions and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: perform channel estimations respectively on a plurality of terminal apparatuses; and determine a transmission layer of a target terminal apparatus by comparing angular profiles respectively obtained on the basis of channel estimates on the target terminal apparatus and at least one comparable terminal apparatus out of the plurality of terminal apparatuses and performing a path exclusion process to exclude, from transmission layers of the target terminal apparatus, a path that falls within a certain angular range around a path angle indicated by an angular profile of the at least one comparable terminal apparatus.

The present disclosure provides a device and method for wireless communication and a communication terminal. The device comprises: a spatial filtering unit, configured to perform spatial filtering on a signal received by each antenna in a receiving antenna array, and combine filtered signals, wherein all coefficients adopted by spatial filtering are configured to reduce an equivalent channel time-variant degree of a combined signal.

The present disclosure provides a device and method for wireless communication and a communication terminal. The device comprises: a spatial filtering unit, configured to perform spatial filtering on a signal received by each antenna in a receiving antenna array, and combine filtered signals, wherein all coefficients adopted by spatial filtering are configured to reduce an equivalent channel time-variant degree of a combined signal.

Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter.

Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter.

An MBS (master base station), UE (user equipment) and method operate using dual connectivity where the UE is connected to an MBS and a SBS (secondary base station). Capability information is transmitted to the MBS by the UE and indicates whether the UE supports a SCG (Secondary Cell Group) bearer and whether the UE supports a split bearer split in a PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer of the MBS. The UE receives from the MBS a message configuring, but not simultaneously configuring, either the SCG bearer or the split bearer to the UE. Radio protocols of the SCG bearer are only located in the SBS, and radio protocols of the split bearer are located in both the MBS and the SBS. One split path of the split bearer goes via the SBS and another split path of the split bearer goes via the MBS and not via the SBS.

A first base station includes a controller configured to receive capability information from a user terminal for indicating whether a user terminal supports a first architecture using SCG bearer or an second architecture using a split bearer. The SCG bearer goes via both a serving gate way and the secondary base station without going via the first base station. The split bearer goes via both the serving gate way and the first base station and is split in a PDCP layer of the first base station. One split path of the split bearer goes via the second base station, and another split path of the split bearer goes via the first base station and not via the second base station. The controller configures either the SCG bearer or the split bearer without simultaneously configuring the bearers even if the user terminal indicates it supports both first and second architectures.