A plurality of neutral host network (NHN) deployments may share a common evolved packet core (EPC). When a plurality of NHNs share a common EPC, continuity and mobility may be facilitated for a user equipment (UE) when the UE moves between NHNs (e.g., because the NHNs share a common EPC). Accordingly, a UE may perform a tracking area update (TAU) procedure when moving between NHNs that share a common EPC. However, a UE may need to discover whether two NHNs share a common EPC in order to perform a TAU procedure. If the UE discovers that, when moving between a first NHN and a second NHN, the NHNs do not sure a common EPC, the UE may perform an attach procedure.

The present disclosure relates to radio link reporting in mobile communications. More specifically, the proposed technique relates to radio link reporting using multiple reference sequences to represent one selected radio link. The disclosure related to a method for use in a wireless device, for radio link reporting. The method comprises obtaining a radio link reporting model. The radio link reporting model defines how to represent one radio link from a plurality of candidate radio links, using two or more symbol sequences from a set of constituent symbol sequences. The method further comprises determining, based on the radio link reporting model, how to represent a selected radio link, from the plurality of candidate radio links, using two or more of the symbol sequences from the set of constituent symbol sequences, and transmitting the two or more symbol sequences to a network node. The disclosure also relates to corresponding devices and to a computer program for executing the proposed methods.

The application describes an apparatus including a non-transitory memory including instructions to perform random access in a beam sweeping network having a cell. The network includes a downlink sweeping subframe, an uplink sweeping subframe and a regular sweeping subframe. The apparatus also includes a processor operably coupled to the non-transitory memory. The processor is configured to execute the instructions of selecting an optimal downlink transmission beam transmitted by the cell during the downlink sweeping subframe. The processor is also configured to execute the instructions of determining an optimal downlink reception beam from the optimal downlink transmission beam. The processor is further configured to execute the instructions of determining a random access preamble and a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource via resource selection from the optimal downlink transmission beam. The processor is even further configured to execute the instructions of transmitting, to a node, the selected random access preamble via the PRACH resource and an uplink transmission beam of the uplink subframe.

The present disclosure relates to a system and communication technique of fusing a 5G communication system supporting higher data transmission rate than a 4G system with an IoT technology. The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security and safety related service, or the like). According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for paging using beamforming by a base station in a wireless communication system may include: determining a paging option for a terminal based on at least one of whether a cell is in a dormant mode, information on a number of terminals within the cell, or traffic load information of the cell, notifying the terminal of information on the determined paging option, and performing a paging operation on the terminal based on the determined paging option.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, determining a coherence block for each user equipment (UE) of a plurality of UEs being served by the first cell, resulting in a plurality of coherence blocks, responsive to the determining, identifying a smallest coherence block from the plurality of coherence blocks, identifying a pilot sequence length based on the smallest coherence block, determining a plurality of orthogonal pilot sequences based on the identifying the pilot sequence length, designating, from the plurality of orthogonal pilot sequences, a first group of orthogonal pilot sequences for use in the first cell, and distributing, to each neighboring cell of a plurality of neighboring cells adjacent to the first cell, a respective group of orthogonal pilot sequences from a remainder of the plurality of orthogonal pilot sequences, to prevent pilot contamination between the first cell and the plurality of neighboring cells. Other embodiments are disclosed.

An operation method of a CP operating in an ultra-dense cooperative transmission network may include: obtaining a large-scale propagation gain (LPG) matrix representing channel gains between M access points (APs) and K user terminals, M being a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and K being a natural number greater than or equal to 1; obtaining information on a required power consumption; and transmitting, to at least part of the M APs, a control message indicating the at least part of the M APs to perform a control operation for reducing power consumption of the ultra-dense cooperative transmission network based on the required power consumption and the LPG matrix.

A system uses pulsed lasers to enhance a signal propagation path in a telecommunications network. The system can estimate a signal propagation path, which varies based on a current location of a mobile device relative to a base station. The system can detect a propagation loss due to a condition of a propagation medium including the signal propagation path and determine whether the mobile device is in Line-of-Sight (LOS) of a laser emitter. In response to detection of the propagation loss, the laser emitter can emit a pulsed laser that can enhance signal propagation by mitigating the propagation loss on the signal propagation path. The pulsed laser has a propagation path overlapping the signal propagation path when the mobile device is in LOS of the laser emitter, which is mounted on the base station.

An integrated beamforming method using intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) element allocation and a system thereof are disclosed. The integrated beamforming method includes allocating passive elements of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to each of receivers, setting phase shifts of the IRS where the passive elements are allocated to each of the receivers, and performing transmit beamforming using the set phase shifts of the IRS.

Methods and apparatus for orthogonal stream spatial multiplexing. In one embodiment, a method includes splitting and modulating a data stream into n MIMO RF spatial streams and coupling them to corresponding switchable polarization antenna elements controlled via orthogonal binary codes for transmission. Each transmitted stream manifests as time-varying-polarization-orthogonal to the other n−1 spatial streams. The method includes reception of the streams at their destination using corresponding antenna elements controlled by the same set of orthogonal codes. Thus, each of the n transmitted spatial streams is polarization-match-filtered, unambiguously separated and individually recovered from all the others upon reception for subsequent demodulation and MIMO spatial recombination into the original data stream. Thus, n MIMO spatial streams emanating from a common source and featuring equal amplitude and bandwidth but bearing distinct data and exhibiting mutually orthogonal time varying polarization will propagate mutually interference-free on the same frequency channel to a single destination.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). An apparatus of a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one transceiver and at least one processor operatively coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to control the transceiver to communicate through a cell determined based on information regarding a strength of a received signal for a first cell and a path diversity (PD) for the first cell. The PD comprises information regarding paths associated with the first cell.