A beamforming apparatus and beam controlling method are provided. The beamforming apparatus includes a non-flat substrate, an antenna array, and an adjusting circuit. The antenna array includes multiple antenna units and are disposed at the non-flat substrate. The adjusting circuit is coupled with the antenna array. The adjusting circuit is used to adjust the signal of at least one of the antenna units according to the shape of the non-flat substrate and a predetermined signal angle. Therefore, it could be implemented in various scenario with flexibility.

A method performed by a wireless device functioning as a beamformee station in a wireless network to perform a sounding procedure. The method includes wirelessly receiving a null data packet (NDP) announcement frame from a beamformer station, wherein the NDP announcement frame includes an indication of whether the beamformee station should acknowledge the NDP announcement frame and responsive to determining that the NDP announcement frame includes an indication that the beamformee station should acknowledge the NDP announcement frame, wirelessly transmitting an acknowledgement frame for the NDP announcement frame to the beamformer station.

Methods, devices and computer programs for determining new transmit directions to use for beamformed transmissions in case the link quality of an existing direction falters. A transmitting communication device and a receiving communication device cooperate via a beam tracking procedure to determine a new suitable transmit direction to use for upcoming beamformed transmissions. Information relating to the beam tracking procedure is communicated over an existing link that enables communication between the transmitting and receiving communication devices. The receiving communication device provides the transmitting communication device with information about a beam scan performed in order to detect tracking beams transmitted by the transmitting communication device. This information allows the transmitting communication device to determine suitable transmit directions to use.

A communication system includes communication management hardware to control operation of first antenna hardware and second antenna hardware associated with a wireless base station. For example, in one arrangement, via control provided by the communication management hardware, the first antenna hardware transmits a first sidelobe wireless beam; the second antenna hardware transmits a second sidelobe wireless beam. The first sidelobe wireless beam and the second sidelobe wireless beam provide a communication device access to a remote network.

A communication device is provided that includes a baseband circuit and a transmitter configured to transmit a first signal and a projected signal. The baseband circuit is configured to determine the projected signal based on an estimated signal state information such that an energy of a shaped projected signal is smaller than an energy of a shaped signal. The estimated signal state information is an estimate of a signal state information based on the first signal and a received signal that is received by a receiver of the second communication device. The shaped projected signal is the projected signal received by the receiver of the second communication device and filtered by a filter of the second communication device. The shaped signal is the received signal filtered by the filter of the second communication device.

A method and device for power adjustment in a user equipment and a base station are disclosed in the present disclosure. The user equipment receives first information which is used to trigger a first operation, the first operation including an accumulation reset corresponding to a first power value; and then receives K piece(s) of target information and transmits a first wireless signal. A transmission power value of the first wireless signal is a first power value; the first power value is irrelevant to all piece(s) of target information received prior to triggering the first operation. The K piece(s) of target information is(are) received after triggering the first operation. The sum of K power offset value(s) is used to determine the first power value. The K power offset value(s) are respectively indicated by the K piece(s) of target information.

A communication network, a method of determining at least one propagation characteristic, and a method of wireless communication are disclosed. The communication network comprises a plurality of aerial vehicles that each supports at least one respective directional antenna, and a processing element for determining at least one propagation characteristic for each respective wireless communication channel between at least one user equipment and each aerial vehicle of the plurality of aerial vehicles.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, calculating a Fresnel zone about a line of sight (LoS) between a pair of antennas positioned on antenna mounts. The Fresnel zone is projected onto a geospatial grid of 3D cells, each having a height above a horizontal plane. Cells that intersect the Fresnel zone projection are selected to obtain a subset cells with constraint heights determined according to heights of the subset cells that are adjusted according to the Fresnel zone. The LoS is revised according to an algorithm to obtain a set of updated LoS. Those updated LoS that do not intersect the set of adjusted constraint heights are identified as solutions that include an optimal solution, should one exist. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a repeater may identify one or more parameters for mechanical beam steering. The repeater may perform mechanical beam steering based at least in part on the one or more parameters. Numerous other aspects are provided.

A system comprising a relay device that configures to a first beamforming setting for a first set of antenna arrays to establish a first link between the relay device and a source device, and a second beamforming setting to establish a second link between the relay device and a destination device. A data stream is processed based on a selection of one of a passive mode or an active mode of relay operation. In the passive mode, a received radio frequency waveform of the data stream is down-converted to an intermediate frequency waveform, re-amplified, and then up-converted for transmission without requiring any data demodulation, and in the active mode, the IF waveform is demodulated and then remodulated for the transmission. The data stream is forwarded to the destination device through the second link based on the selection of one of the passive or active mode.