This application provides a communication method, a network device, a terminal device, and a system. The communication method includes: determining, by a network device, a plurality of pieces of quasi co-location information, where the plurality of pieces of quasi co-location information correspond to a plurality of antenna port sets of a first control resource set, and each piece of quasi co-location information in the plurality of pieces of quasi co-location information is used to indicate a quasi co-location characteristic of an antenna port set corresponding to each piece of quasi co-location information; and sending, by the network device, the plurality of pieces of quasi co-location information to a terminal device. In embodiments of this application, the plurality of pieces of quasi co-location information are used to indicate the quasi co-location characteristics of the antenna ports to the terminal device, to improve communication efficiency.

A terminal device includes: a higher layer processing unit configured to set at least one first RAT and at least one second RAT by signaling of a higher layer from the base station device; and a receiving unit configured to receive a transmission signal in the first RAT and a transmission signal in the second RAT. The transmission signal in the first RAT is mapped to a resource element configured on a basis of one physical parameter for each sub frame. The transmission signal in the second RAT is mapped to a resource element configured on a basis of one or more physical parameters for each sub frame and is mapped to a resource element configured on a basis of one physical parameter in a predetermined resource included in each of the sub frames.

Methods and apparatus for orthogonal stream spatial multiplexing. In one embodiment, a method includes splitting and modulating a data stream into n MIMO RF spatial streams and coupling them to corresponding switchable polarization antenna elements controlled via orthogonal binary codes for transmission. Each transmitted stream manifests as time-varying-polarization-orthogonal to the other n1 spatial streams. The method includes reception of the streams at their destination using corresponding antenna elements controlled by the same set of orthogonal codes. Thus, each of the n transmitted spatial streams is polarization-match-filtered, unambiguously separated and individually recovered from all the others upon reception for subsequent demodulation and MIMO spatial recombination into the original data stream. Thus, n MIMO spatial streams emanating from a common source and featuring equal amplitude and bandwidth but bearing distinct data and exhibiting mutually orthogonal time varying polarization will propagate mutually interference-free on the same frequency channel to a single destination.

An apparatus includes feeds to form analog beams. The feeds are divided into panels. The apparatus includes processing circuitry that divides a target area for communications coverage into regions, including a first region and a second region neighboring each other. The processing circuitry generates, for the first region, a first plurality of analog beams, forming a first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the first cluster from the first plurality of analog beams, a first plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a first arrangement in the first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, for the second region, a second plurality of analog beams, forming a second cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the second cluster from the second plurality of analog beams, a second plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a second arrangement that is adjacent to the first plurality of hybrid beams in the first arrangement.

The methods and apparatus disclosed herein processes reference signals in an antenna diversity system, e.g., where both the transmitting and receiving devices use multiple antennas. The solution presented herein process reference signals at the transmitting device in such a way to enable the receiving device to efficiently and accurately estimate the covariance matrix associated with data transmitted using transmitter diversity. This is achieved by processing the reference signals used for the covariance estimation and the data signals in the same way, e.g., by precoding data and reference signal portions of one or more signals using the same coding scheme.

Embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a radio-network node (110) for handling Beam Reference Signals, BRS, of a beam transmitted by the radio-network node (110) in a wireless communications network. The radio-network node creates BRS blocks, wherein each BRS block comprises a respective group of adjacent subcarriers for the BRS belonging to a port of the beam, wherein the BRS belonging to the port is carried over each subcarrier in the respective group of adjacent subcarriers of each BRS block. Furthermore, the radio-network node transmits the BRS blocks spread over a bandwidth in a same Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM, symbol.

Facilitating frequency selective scheduling in advanced networks (e.g., 4G, 5G, and beyond) with multiple transmission points is provided herein. Operations of a system can comprise facilitating an activation of a frequency selective scheduling based on identification of control channel elements used for a downlink control channel. The operations also can comprise instructing a user equipment device to report a subband channel quality indicator and a subband precoding matrix index based on a result of an evaluation of a metric determined based on channel conditions. Further, the operations can comprise scheduling the user equipment device with a subband based on the subband channel quality indicator and the subband precoding matrix index reported by the user equipment device.

There is provided a physical layer security (PLS) system for enhanced cryptographic security and diversity of transmitted data, the system comprising a transmitter for first, converting the data into a plurality of OFDM symbols; second, multiplexing the plurality of OFDM symbols into parallel M OFDM streams; and third, performing spatial interleaving (SI) on the parallel M OFDM streams using a secret key. The system further comprises a receiver for receiving and de-scrambling the transmitted plurality of data samples, wherein software-defined radio (SDR) units are used as the system transmitter and receiver.

Methods and apparatus for orthogonal stream spatial multiplexing. In one embodiment, a method includes splitting and modulating a data stream into n MIMO RF spatial streams and coupling them to corresponding switchable polarization antenna elements controlled via orthogonal binary codes for transmission. Each transmitted stream manifests as time-varying-polarization-orthogonal to the other n1 spatial streams. The method includes reception of the streams at their destination using corresponding antenna elements controlled by the same set of orthogonal codes. Thus, each of the n transmitted spatial streams is polarization-match-filtered, unambiguously separated and individually recovered from all the others upon reception for subsequent demodulation and MIMO spatial recombination into the original data stream. Thus, n MIMO spatial streams emanating from a common source and featuring equal amplitude and bandwidth but bearing distinct data and exhibiting mutually orthogonal time varying polarization will propagate mutually interference-free on the same frequency channel to a single destination.

A wireless communication method and apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system are disclosed. A wireless communication method according to one embodiment may include generating a high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) frame including at least one of an HEW-SIG-A field and an HEW-SIG-B field which include channel information for communications according to an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) mode, and transmitting the generated HEW frame to a reception apparatus.