A communication apparatus includes a PHY frame generating circuit that generates a PHY frame including either of a short Sector Sweep frame and a Sector Sweep frame; and an array antenna that selects, based on the PHY frame, any sector from among a plurality of sectors and transmits the PHY frame. In a case where, in the PHY frame including the short Sector Sweep frame, a Direction field of the short Sector Sweep frame indicates Initiator Sector Sweep, the PHY frame generating circuit replaces a Short Sector Sweep Feedback field indicating a number of a selected best short Sector Sweep with a Short Scrambled Basic Service Set ID field indicating an abbreviated address generated from an address of a destination communication apparatus.

A control device causes a first transmission system in a MIMO transmission device to transmit a first transmitting-end clock transmission signal (first transmission signal), causes a second transmission system to transmit a second transmission signal, and causes the first transmission system to transmit a third transmission signal. The control device acquires a first phase value and a second phase value. The first phase value is a phase value of the second transmission signal received in the second reception system operating based on a receiving-end clock signal synchronous with a transmitting-end clock signal by the first transmission signal. The second phase value is a phase value of the third transmission signal received in the second reception system in synchronous operation. The control device calculates a first correction value for correcting a first delay amount set value of a delay adjustment processing unit based on the first and second phase values.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may select two transmit beams from a plurality of beams that the UE is capable of forming using an antenna array of the UE that includes a plurality of antenna elements, wherein the two transmit beams are to be used to transmit two corresponding layers of information; determine, after selecting the two transmit beams, a phase difference to be applied to the two transmit beams based at least in part on the two transmit beams; and transmit the information on the two corresponding layers concurrently via the two transmit beams using the phase difference. Numerous other aspects are provided.

A transmission method includes mapping processing, phase change processing, and transmission processing. In the mapping processing, a plurality of first modulation signals and a plurality of second modulation signals are generated using a first mapping scheme, and a plurality of third modulation signals and a plurality of fourth modulation signals are generated using a second mapping scheme. In the phase change processing, a phase change is performed on the plurality of second modulation signals and the plurality of fourth modulation signals using all N kinds of phases. In the transmission processing, the first modulation signals and the second modulation signals are respectively transmitted at a same frequency and a same time from different antennas, and the third modulation signals and the fourth modulation signals are respectively transmitted at a same frequency and a same time from the different antennas.

A transmission device includes: a weighting synthesizer that generates a first precoded signal and a second precoded signal from a first baseband signal and a second baseband signal, respectively; a phase changer that applies a phase change of i×Δλ to the second precoded signal; an inserter that inserts a pilot signal into the second precoded signal applied with the phase change; and a phase changer that applies a phase change to the second precoded signal applied with the phase change and inserted with the pilot signal. The weighting synthesizer performs, in the precoding process, a calculation that uses

[00001]$F=\left(\begin{array}{cc}{e}^{j{\theta }_{11}}& e^{j\left({\theta }_{11}+\frac{\pi }{4}\right)}\\ e^{j{\theta }_{21}}& e^{j\left({\theta }_{21}+\pi +\frac{\pi }{4}\right)}\end{array}\right)$

on the first baseband signal and the second baseband signal modulated via a modulation scheme of QPSK.

A transmission method simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device.

A transmission method simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals, thereby improving received data signal quality for a reception device.

A transmission method of simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals. One of signal generation processing in which phase change is performed and signal generation processing in which phase change is not performed is selectable, thereby improving general versatility in signal generation.

A transmission method of simultaneously transmitting a first modulated signal and a second modulated signal at a common frequency performs precoding on both signals using a fixed precoding matrix and regularly changes the phase of at least one of the signals. One of signal generation processing in which phase change is performed and signal generation processing in which phase change is not performed is selectable, thereby improving general versatility in signal generation.

A circular stapling instrument is provided. The circular stapling instrument includes a handle forming a cavity, a reciprocating drive shaft, a carrier cover, and a shaft assembly. The reciprocating drive shaft is detachably secured within the cavity of the handle. The carrier cover covers a portion of the reciprocating drive shaft within the cavity of the handle. The shaft assembly is detachably coupled with the handle.