Systems for determining a variability in a state of a medium include one or more transmit elements or antennas and one or more receive elements or antennas which are relatively decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements or antennas can be less than 95% coupled to one another. The system also includes a transmit circuit configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted, which is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The system also includes a receive circuit configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal into the medium. The system includes a processor configured to determine the variability in the state of the medium based on processing of the response over time. The variability can further be used to direct notifications or automated actions.

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, disclosed are a method and an apparatus for virtualizing an antenna. A method for reconfiguring an antenna of a terminal in the wireless communication system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: the terminal transmitting an antenna reconfiguration request to a base station; the terminal receiving from the base station information indicating authorization of the antenna reconfiguration request; the terminal transmitting antenna reconfiguration information to the base station when the information indicating authorization indicates the authorization of the antenna reconfiguration request; and the terminal receiving from the base station information confirming the completion of reconfiguration.

A wireless device comprises a primary antenna, a primary transceiver, one or more secondary antennas and one or more receive diversity chains. The receive diversity chains, in some embodiments, include transceiver capability. The wireless device measures and collects various statistics. Based on the statistics, the wireless device enables or disables one or more of the receive diversity chains with respect to a cellular radio access technology (RAT). A disabled receive diversity chain, in some instances is then powered down. During an interval when a receive diversity chain is disabled, the control logic periodically or on an event-driven basis enables a given receive diversity chain to probe channel quality indicator (CQI) and channel rank values. In some embodiments, a time interval for collecting a portion of the statistics, is adapted or backed off in anticipation of use of the receive diversity chain, based on traffic circumstances.

A wireless transceiver contains a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver is operable in single-input single-output (SISO) mode as well as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode, and contains a pair of in-phase and quadrature signal processing chains and a baseband processor. In SISO mode, each of the processing chains in the pair is connected to receive a same modulated signal as input, and generates respective baseband outputs. The baseband processor processes the baseband outputs to demodulate the modulated signal. In MIMO mode, the signal processing chains in the pair receive different modulated signals and generate corresponding down-converted signals. The baseband processor processes the down-converted signals to demodulate the respective modulated signals received by the receiver. Corresponding techniques to provide MIMO in addition to SISO capabilities are implemented in the transmitter also. MIMO capability is thereby achieved in the wireless transceiver with minimal additional implementation area.

A method for adjusting an antenna configuration of the terminal device (30) in a cellular communication system (10). The system (10) includes a base station (20) and a terminal device (30) having a plurality of antenna elements (40-43). In the terminal device (30) a plurality of preset antenna configurations is provided. Each antenna configuration defines at least one reception parameter for the plurality of antenna elements (40-43). For each antenna configuration of the plurality of preset antenna configurations the antenna configuration is applied to the plurality of antenna elements (40-43) and a reception characteristic of a signal transmission from the base station (20) is determined. Based on the plurality of reception characteristics one antenna configuration is selected and applied to the plurality of antenna elements (40-43) for further signal transmissions.

Various improvements are desired for point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, where a network sends the PTM transmission to multiple user equipments (UEs). The apparatus may be an UE. The UE receives, from a network, a downlink transmission configuration indicating a transmit diversity downlink transmission mode of a plurality of downlink transmission modes, configures downlink communication based on the transmit diversity downlink transmission mode according to the downlink transmission configuration, and receives a service via PTM downlink transmission based on the transmit diversity transmission mode. In another aspect, The UE receives, from a network, a downlink transmission configuration indicating one of a plurality of downlink transmission modes, configures downlink communication based on the one of the plurality of downlink transmission modes according to the downlink transmission configuration, and receives a service via PTM transmission based on the one of the plurality of downlink transmission modes that corresponds with the service.

A wireless communication system, using wireless base stations, and other devices, such as a relay node, interoperate with using spectrum aggregation and MIMO. Traffic usage is detected and based on channel utilization relative to capacity, spectrum aggregation is chosen over MIMO under certain conditions. On the other hand, under higher channel utilization system components switch to MIMO modes of operation to reduce demand on channel use, while providing good throughput for communications stations.

A unified device for adjacent and non-adjacent channels/carriers for processing Physical layer Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) includes a dual-use configuration capable of processing either 80+80 Megahertz (MHz) PPDUs with a single spatial stream (160/80+80 MHz 1×1) or 80 MHz PPDUs with two spatial streams (80 MHz 2×2).

Power control for devices having multiple transmit antennas are disclosed, including power control methods for Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmissions for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The PUCCH and SRS power control methods include selecting a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mode and changing the power of the PUCCH or SRS transmission based on the selected MIMO mode. Another power control method estimates an antenna gain imbalance (AGI) for a WTRU having at least two transmit antennas. The AGI is based on measuring a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) on each transmit antenna. Each transmit antenna is then scaled by an AGI scaling factor based on the estimated AGI.

The present invention disclose a random access method and user equipment, which relate to the field of communications and improve the transmission efficiency and reliability of a UE for sending a message to a base station in a random access process. The specific solution includes: sending a random access preamble sequence to a base station through a first antenna, so that the base station obtains the antenna number of the UE according to the random access preamble sequence, wherein the first antenna is any antenna of multiple antennas of the UE; judging whether a random access response sent by the base station is received within a preset time threshold; and sending a layer 2 or layer 3 message to the base station by using multiple antennas according to a preset rule if the random access response is received. The present invention is applied to the random access process.