The disclosure herein describes transmitting data from a satellite using a primary ground station and a set of secondary ground stations. An orbit of the satellite is determined over a schedule period and a subset of secondary ground stations is identified based on the determined orbit of the satellite, wherein secondary ground stations are configured to receive from the satellite and not transmit to the satellite. A transmission schedule associated with the satellite is then generated. For each secondary ground station of the subset, a time interval during which the satellite is within communication range is determined, an expected transmission rate is estimated, and the time interval and the expected transmission rate are included in the transmission schedule. The transmission schedule is provided to the satellite via the primary ground station, whereby the satellite is configured to transmit data to the subset of ground stations based on the transmission schedule.

Determination information necessary to determine accuracy of detection of a longitude, a latitude, and an altitude of an antenna is acquired, whether the accuracy of detection of the longitude, the latitude, and the altitude is in a necessary and sufficient level is determined in accordance with the acquired determination information, the longitude, the latitude, the altitude, the azimuth, and the inclination of the antenna are detected also after elapse of a predetermined time after the transmission of the radio wave from the antenna is stopped, and the antenna is driven to adjust the azimuth angle, the elevation angle, and the polarization angle of the antenna to the communication satellite in accordance with the longitude, the latitude, the altitude, the azimuth, and the inclination of the antenna detected after elapse of the predetermined time after the transmission of the radio wave from the antenna is stopped.

Various arrangements for a satellite-based forward link overlay are presented herein. In some embodiments, broadband data is modulated at a particular frequency, phase, and/or timing to create a broadband data signal. The frequency, phase, and/or timing are used to modulate a low-bandwidth data signal. The low-bandwidth data signal can then be combined with the broadband data signal and transmitted via satellite to a geographic region. A low-bandwidth receiver unit may determine the frequency, phase, and/or timing from the embedded broadband signal and use such information to demodulate and despread the low-bandwidth data signal.

A method and system for providing secure aerial or space communications. A general payload and a hosted payload are provided on a vehicle. The hosted payload encrypts a data packet that contains restricted data using a secure key to create an encrypted packet. The general payload encrypts the encrypted packet using a general key to create a multilayer-encrypted packet. The multilayer-encrypted packet is transmitted from the vehicle to a destination.

A communication terminal and its method of use are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a communication terminal includes at least one of a transmitter or a receiver, a common reference device, a vibration sensor, and a controller. The at least one of the transmitter or the receiver is configured for transmission of communications. The common reference device is configured to provide a common reference for at least one of the frequency or timing of the communications sent or received by the at least one of the transmitter or the receiver. The vibration sensor is configured to detect vibrations. The controller is configured to adjust a control voltage applied to the common reference device based on the vibrations detected by the vibration sensor.

An electronic equipment, a user equipment, a wireless communication method, and a storage medium, the electronic equipment comprising a processing circuit and being configured to: receive from a user equipment a random access request message that is expected to access a satellite equipment; and in response to the random access request message, send to the user equipment the advance in timing between the user equipment and the satellite equipment to be accessed. By using said electronic equipment, user equipment, wireless communication method, and storage medium, a user equipment in a satellite communication system may more quickly and efficiently acquire control information relating to uplink transmission.

Methods, systems, and devices for communication operations are described. A first satellite may be in a first orbit, and a set of second satellites may be in second orbits that are lower than the first orbit. The second satellites may detect signal components of a signal originating from a geographic area and relay the respective signal components to the first satellite. A beamformer coupled with the first satellite may form a beam associated with the geographic area. The beamformer may also obtain a beam signal based on he respective signal components and a return channel, where the return channel includes at least a channel component between the geographic area and the set of second satellites.

A system and method for communicating with deep space spacecraft are provided. A near-Earth space based communications system satellite, which may be deployed in a deep space stable-looking orbit around the Earth, provides two-way communication with the deep space spacecraft, including transmission and reception of commands and data. The near-Earth space based communications system satellite may store data received from the deep space spacecraft and transmits the data to commercial communication satellites and ground terminals. This system and method may be utilized to communicate to the outer planets with a deep-space space based communications system spacecraft at the Earth-Moon Lagrange points, Sun-Earth Lagrange Points, Sun-Mars Lagrange points and extending out to the outer boundary of the solar system. The system and method are further enhanced with the use of free space optical laser communications and x-ray communications to increase data volume from any deep space spacecraft to Earth.

Various approaches for the deployment and coordination of network operation processing, compute processing, and inter-satellite communication coordination, within one or multiple satellite non-terrestrial networks, are discussed. Among other examples, a data center located at one or more satellites operating in a middle Earth orbit (MEO) plane, geosynchronous orbit (GEO) plane, or high-Earth elliptical orbit (HEO) plane, may be used to provide network and data processing operations for a low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellation.

An antenna includes ribs that have been folded to fit within a frame, a conductive mesh coupled to the ribs, an arm that has been folded to fit within the frame, and a feed disposed at a distal end of the arm.