Various solutions for satellite access network (SAN) or non-terrestrial network (NTN) measurement with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications are described. An apparatus may determine a first number of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configurations (SMTCs) overlapped in a time domain. The apparatus may determine a second number of satellites to be measured in each of the SMTCs. The apparatus may calculate a scaling factor according to the first number and the second number. The apparatus may determine a measurement period by applying the scaling factor. The apparatus may perform measurements on the satellites within the measurement period.

Various solutions for satellite access network (SAN) or non-terrestrial network (NTN) measurement and data scheduling with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications are described. An apparatus may determine whether to perform a measurement outside a measurement gap for a neighboring cell. The apparatus may apply a scheduling restriction within a time period in an event that the measurement is determined. The apparatus may transmit uplink symbols or receiving downlink symbols outside the time period with the scheduling restriction.

A method for satellite communication over non-geosynchronous orbit (NGSO) satellites, using a terminal having a non-tracking antenna, is presented. The terminal may communicate with an NGSO satellite each time the NGSO satellite passes through the terminal's antenna beam (communication opportunity). Though the communication opportunities are short and may reoccur at relatively long intervals (e.g., minutes to tens of minutes), these communication opportunities may be sufficient for transmitting the volumes of information generated by Internet of Things (IoT) applications during the intervals between communication opportunities.

Apparatuses and methods for communication in non-terrestrial networks are provided. Downlink transmission from a satellite node is received (300). Pathloss of uplink transmission to the satellite node is estimated (302). Based on the path loss, it is determined (304) whether uplink transmission of the apparatus can reach the satellite node and uplink transmission suspended (306) if determination indicates that the transmission will not reach the node.

A method and system facilitate communication between a constellation of satellites and a mobile platform-mounted mobile communicator. The method and system may include the use of a first antenna suited for operation using a first frequency band in a first geographic region and a second antenna suited for operation using either the first or a second frequency band in a second geographic region. The method and system may use a controller to determine which antenna to activate based on one or more of a geographic indicator or a signal indicator. The system used by the method to facilitate the communication may have one or more enclosures over the antennas and controller for mounting to a mobile platform.

Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: determining, based on area configuration information of a first cell of a network device and location information of a terminal device, a first sub-area corresponding to the terminal device, where the area configuration information indicates information about a plurality of sub-areas corresponding to the first cell, and the plurality of sub-areas include the first sub-area; and obtaining satellite ephemeris information corresponding to the first sub-area. In the foregoing solution, the sub-area is introduced, and the terminal device only needs to obtain the satellite ephemeris information corresponding to the sub-area in which the terminal device is located. This reduces an amount of satellite ephemeris information obtained by the terminal device, and therefore can reduce overheads of the terminal device.

Systems and methods model earth stations and other captive terrestrial sites as simulated cell sites in a radio access network (RAN) to identify potential cellular network interferers with the earth stations. A computing device selects an earth station within a geographic area of a RAN segment and model the earth station as a cell within the RAN segment, wherein the modeling creates a simulated earth station cell. The computing device obtains sector carrier data for cells in the RAN segment and scores, based on the sector carrier data, neighboring cells to the simulated earth station cell. The scoring indicates a level of potential interference of the neighboring cells with the earth station based on geo-spatial relevance. The computing device identifies projected mobility interference in neighboring cells to the earth station and provides prioritization recommendations for interference mitigation for the earth station based on the scoring and the identifying.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses for a virtual transponder utilizing inband telemetry are disclosed. A disclosed method for a virtual transponder utilizing inband telemetry comprises receiving, by a vehicle, encrypted host commands from a host spacecraft operations center (SOC). The method further comprises receiving, by the vehicle via the host SOC, encrypted hosted commands from a hosted payload (HoP) operation center (HOC). Also, the method comprises reconfiguring a payload on the vehicle according to unencrypted host commands and/or unencrypted hosted commands. In addition, the method comprises transmitting payload data to a host receiving antenna and/or a hosted receiving antenna. In addition, the method comprises transmitting, by a host telemetry transmitter on the vehicle, encrypted host telemetry to the host SOC. Further, the method comprises transmitting, by the payload antenna, encrypted hosted telemetry to the HOC.

Described herein are systems, methods, media, and devices for generating a satellite program for contacting satellites. In some embodiments, data including one or more targets for accessing a satellite constellation is obtained. Based on the data, a set of representations may be generated and candidate satellite constellation access programs may be determined based on the set of representations. For each program, a first score may be computed for each target to obtain a first set of scores, and a second score may be computed for each first score of the first set of scores to obtain a second set of scores. A satellite constellation access program may be selected from the candidate satellite access programs based on the second set of second scores.

A method (1200) performed by a wireless device (110) includes obtaining a remaining service time (T.sub.service) associated with a first satellite or first spot beam. Based on the remaining service time, the wireless device determines whether to initiate a connection with the first satellite or first spot beam.