Methods and systems for managing relays in LTE based communication networks. Embodiments herein use of a packet handler node and an additional radio interface in the UE, enabling the creation of an overlay network on top of an existing LTE network. The overlay network helps in the transfer of data between the UE and the AS even when the UE is not directly connected to the LTE network by encapsulating the data from the out-of-coverage UE within the IP packet of at least one nearby relay UE connected to the LTE network and is then forwarded to the LTE core network. The out-of-coverage UE uses the additional radio interface to send packets to the relay UE.

A method for a logon procedure in a satellite communication system is provided including at least one terminal, a satellite and either a gateway proxy on-board the satellite or a gateway. The method includes transmitting a logon burst signal from a terminal of the satellite communication system to the gateway proxy on-board the satellite or the gateway. The logon burst signal includes one or more transmit parameter fields, each transmit parameter field corresponding to a signal transmit time or a signal transmit level or a signal transmit frequency of the logon burst signal in the terminal.

This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and discloses a communication method and a communication apparatus, to resolve a problem of a poor interference suppression effect caused by closing an edge beam of a satellite. The method includes: A first satellite sends a first message to a second satellite. The first message includes information about a frequency reuse scheme. The information about the frequency reuse scheme includes basic unit information. The basic unit information includes central point locations and frequency information of at least N−1 beams. Herein, N is a frequency reuse factor of the first satellite. At least N−1 different pieces of frequency information exist in the frequency information that is of the at least N−1 beams and that is included in the basic unit information. In addition, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

Systems and methods for transmitting data using a satellite communication network are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a satellite communication network includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a base station. The first terminal is configured to collect first target data. The second terminal is configured to receive a first data packet including the first target data from the first terminal via a local connection. The base station is in communication with the first terminal and the second terminal via at least one satellite. The base station is configured to: (i) receive copies of the first data packet from each of the first and second terminals via the at least one satellite; (ii) process a first copy of the first data packet; and (iii) delete a second copy of the first data packet.

Measures for managing satellite bearer resources of a satellite telecommunications network. A corpus of data based on historical satellite bearer resource allocations is maintained. A machine learning agent is trained with the corpus to determine a plurality of weights for use in directing satellite bearer resource management in the satellite telecommunications network. A satellite bearer resource allocation request is received. A set of features is extracted from a current environment of the satellite telecommunications network. The set of features defines currently allocated satellite bearer resources. On the basis of the determined plurality of weights and the set of features, satellite bearer resources of the satellite telecommunications network are managed to satisfy the request.

The present disclosure relates, in part, to non-terrestrial communication systems, and in some embodiments to the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems. Non-terrestrial communication systems can provide a more flexible communication system with extended wireless coverage range and enhanced service quality compared to conventional communication systems.

An apparatus for use by a communication network control element or function configured to conduct a communication control for a communication with at least one communication element or function in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to calculate a reception time window in a random access procedure for a communication element or function in at least one communication area controlled by the communication network control element or function, to provide setting information related to a random access procedure to a communication element or function in the at least one communication area, the setting information including an indication of the calculated reception time window and an indication related to a determination of a receiving pattern of the communication element or function in the reception time window, wherein the receiving pattern indicates communication resources being listened by the communication element or function during the reception time window for receiving a response to the random access related signaling, to receive and process a random access related signaling from the communication element or function, to determine, on the basis of a transmission frame in which the random access related signaling is sent by the communication element or function and the calculated reception time window, the receiving pattern of the communication element or function in the reception time window, to transmit, to the communication element or function, the response to the random access related signaling on the basis of the determined receiving pattern so that the response is received in a communication resource listened by the communication element or function.

There are provided measures for enhancement of packet based voice call service over satellite link. Such measures exemplarily include receiving, from a communication endpoint, a message indicative of at least one voice data packet to be uploaded via a satellite link, determining a first number of voice data packets based on a second number of voice data packets predicted to accumulate until receipt of a first grant message at said communication endpoint, and transmitting, towards said communication endpoint, said first grant message, said first grant message being indicative of an upload scheduling grant for said first number of voice data packets.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may be configured to buffer communications with a network node. A buffer size of a buffer used to buffer the communications may be specific to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) via which the UE communicates with the network node. For example, the UE may calculate the buffer size based on a maximum data rate of a connection with the network node via the NTN and a radio link control (RLC) round trip time (RTT). The RLC RTT may be specific to NTNs. The UE may use a buffer having the calculated buffer size to buffer the communications between the UE and the network node over the connection.

The present disclosure provides a paging method, a positioning information sending method, a core network node and a base station, and relates to the technical field of communication. The paging method is applied to the core network node in a satellite Internet communication system and comprises the following steps: acquiring the setting mode of the tracking area TA in the satellite Internet communication system; determining the base station for paging the terminal according to the setting mode; and sending a paging message to the base station; wherein the setting mode comprises one of the following setting mode: dividing the satellite Internet communication system one TA; setting at least two fixed TAs; and setting at least two non-fixed TAs.