A wireless communication method for use in a wireless terminal is disclosed. The wireless communication method comprises determining at least one synchronization value, and transmitting, to a wireless network node, a signal based on the at least one synchronization value.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for coordinating wireless communication are disclosed. One method includes generating, by a wireless radiator, a plurality of selectable directional wireless communication links capable of providing connectivity across a plurality of cells, wherein each of the cells is spatially different from other cells, and wherein each of the cells covers a cell area, wherein a plurality of hubs are located within the cell area, generating, by a controller, a cell map, wherein the cell map maps which of the directional wireless links, which of the plurality cells, and which of the hubs are active as a function of time, thereby supporting a wireless communication link between the base station and the hubs of the cell area corresponding with the active directional wireless link, and providing the cell map to the base station and the hubs of each of the cells.

An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise: estimating a propagation delay between the terminal and a first satellite, the first satellite being connected to the terminal and a base station of the communication system; estimating a terminal-specific TA value based on the propagation delay; transmitting, to the base station, a terminal-specific TA report based on the terminal-specific TA value; and performing update of a first TA value for communication with the base station based on the terminal-specific TA value, wherein a time point at which the update of the first TA value is performed is determined based on a first response of the base station to the terminal-specific TA report.

A wireless device may start a scheduling request (SR) prohibit timer based on transmitting an SR for a transport block. The wireless device may receive, while the SR prohibit timer is running, downlink control information (DCI) indicating an uplink resource for the transport block. The wireless device may start a time window, with a duration based on a delay of a non-terrestrial network, in response to: expiration of the SR prohibit timer; the uplink resource occurring, in time, after the expiration of the SR prohibit timer; and the SR being pending. The wireless device may refrain from retransmitting the SR during the time window. The wireless device may stop the time window in response to transmitting, via the uplink resource, the transport block.

Methods and systems to enhance NR RACH procedure to accommodate non-terrestrial networks (NTN) are disclosed. The length of the RAR window may be extended. A NTN-RNTI associated with the time-frequency resources used for the PRACH preamble may be used to scramble the CRC of DCI used for downlink assignment in the RAR. The DCI content may include information on the associated PRACH preamble to assist the UE in distinguishing between RARs generated as a response to PRACH preambles transmitted by different UEs from different system frames. The NTN-RNTI may contain information on the system frames when the UE sends the PRACH preamble. The RA-RNTI associated with the time-frequency resources used for the PRACH preambles transmitted from different frames may be used to scramble different subsets of the CRC of the DCI format 1_0 to assist the UE in distinguishing between RARs generated in response to the different PRACH preambles.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for coordinated satellite and terrestrial channel utilization, are disclosed. One wireless system includes a plurality of base stations, a plurality of hubs, and a controller. For an embodiment, the controller is operative to determine discrete communication delays for each base station based upon a maximum propagation delay between each base station and the one or more of the plurality of hubs, generate a channel sharing map that includes a timing of communication between each base station and the one or more of the plurality of hubs, communicate the channel sharing map to the plurality of base stations. Further, each of the plurality of base stations operates to time wireless communication with the plurality of hubs based on the channel sharing map, the discrete communication delays of the base station, and a communication delay of a preceding base station according to the channel sharing map.

A constellation configuration optimization method of a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite augmentation system for an ARAIM application includes: 1, traversing vertical protection levels after all subset solutions and fault modes under the condition that integrity risk and continuity risk are equally distributed, and determining the constraint conditions of LEO satellite constellation configuration parameters; 2, determining objective functions of LEO satellite constellation configuration parameters x.sub.1, x.sub.2, x.sub.3, x.sub.4, eliminating calculated values of abnormal vertical protection levels, and screening initial populations of the parameters x.sub.1, x.sub.2, x.sub.3, x.sub.4; 3, calculating fitness of the objective functions; 4, starting from a second generation population, merging a parent population with an offspring population to form a new offspring population; 5, performing local optimal selection on the new offspring population, screening out a maximum value of the objective functions as an optimal offspring, and repeating step 4 until a genetic algebra is less than a maximum genetic algebra.

Disclosed are a system and a method for digital radio interference mitigation. The system includes a first interface configured to receive a first digital signal associated with a satellite ground station; a second interface configured to receive a second digital signal associated with and acquired at a radio network transceiver; and a signal processing unit connected to the first and second interfaces and configured to mitigate a radio interference associated with the second digital signal in the first digital signal. This may improve a reception of satellite ground stations, especially upon coexistence with 5G cellular services in the C-band frequency spectrum.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for coordinating wireless communication are disclosed. One method includes generating, by a wireless radiator, a plurality of selectable directional wireless communication links capable of providing connectivity across a plurality of cells, wherein each of the cells is spatially different from other cells, and wherein each of the cells covers a cell area, wherein a plurality of hubs are located within the cell area, generating, by a controller, a cell map, wherein the cell map maps which of the directional wireless links, which of the plurality cells, and which of the hubs are active as a function of time, thereby supporting a wireless communication link between the base station and the hubs of the cell area corresponding with the active directional wireless link, and providing the cell map to the base station and the hubs of each of the cells.

The present disclosure relates to: a communication technique merging, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system; and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail, security- and safety-related services, and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, provided are a method by which a terminal performs cell reselection in a satellite network (or a non-terrestrial network), and a device.