A scheduler apparatus includes: a calculation unit to determine, on the basis of a time required for switching from a first orbiting satellite that is an orbiting satellite to which an earth station is currently directed to a second orbiting satellite candidate that is an orbiting satellite as a candidate for a second orbiting satellite that is an orbiting satellite to which the earth station is directed next, a future expected throughput between the earth station and the first orbiting satellite, and a future expected throughput between the earth station and the second orbiting satellite candidate, the second orbiting satellite and a switching timing at which the earth station switches a directed satellite from the first orbiting satellite to the second orbiting satellite; and an interface to transmit information on the second orbiting satellite and the switching timing determined by the calculation unit.

A method of increasing reliability of a wireless radio includes: creating a first waveform at a first center frequency of an encoded data stream using a first wireless radio; creating a second waveform at a second center frequency of the encoded data stream using the first wireless radio; combining the first waveform and the second waveform into a composite waveform with redundant data streams at different center frequencies using the first wireless radio; wirelessly transmitting the composite waveform using the first wireless radio; wirelessly receiving the composite waveform; filtering the received composite waveform using a first filter band; digitizing the received composite waveform using the second wireless radio; demodulating the digitized composite waveform into a first data stream and a second data stream with the second wireless radio; and creating a third data stream representative of the encoded data stream.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

In an exemplary embodiment, a phased array antenna comprises multiple subcircuits in communication with multiple radiating elements. The radio frequency signals are independently adjusted for both polarization control and beam steering. In a receive embodiment, multiple RF signals of various polarizations are received and combined into at least one receive beam output. In a transmit embodiment, at least one transmit beam input is divided and transmitted through multiple radiating elements, with the transmitted beams having various polarizations. In an exemplary embodiment, the phased array antenna provides multi-beam formation over multiple operating frequency bands. The wideband nature of the active components allows for operation over multiple frequency bands simultaneously.

The receiving apparatus includes a signal receiver, a second signal reception processor, a first signal reception processor, and a controller. The signal receiver receives the second signal indicating the reception time and the waveform data indicating the waveform of the first signal received from the transmission apparatus by each of the plurality of receiving antennas of the relay apparatus. The second signal reception processor performs reception processing of the second signal to acquire waveform data. The first signal reception processor performs reception processing of the first signal indicated by the waveform data to acquire data set to the first signal by the transmission apparatus. The controller calculates a generation time and a generation position of the interference signal with respect to the first signal on the basis of the observation result of the radio signal in the observation apparatus. The controller instructs the first signal reception processor to perform, in the reception processing, an operation of suppressing an interference signal arriving at the relay apparatus from a generation position at the generation time on the first signal at the reception time corresponding to the generation time.

A device in a population of devices arranged at a celestial body for transmitting data to a relay station orbiting the celestial body. The relay station and the population of devices are to travel with respect to one another such that the relay station is to receive signals that include the data in data packages from the population of devices. The device includes trajectory data of the relay station, a transmitter to use the trajectory data so as to transmit a signal that is part of the signals, a data processor, and a computer program which, when executing on the data processor, is to calculate a Doppler shift based upon the trajectory data, and modify the signal to thereby compensate for the Doppler shift of the signal that results from the travelling of the relay station and the population of devices with respect to one another.

A relay station configured to orbit a celestial body and configured to receive data from a population of devices arranged at the celestial body, the relay station and the devices configured to travel with respect to one another. The relay station includes a receiver configured to receive signals from the devices, the signals including a signal that is part of the signals, the signal including signal data in data packages that are at least part of the data. The relay station also includes a signal-processing device configured to receive the signal from the receiver and extract the signal data from the signal. The signal-processing device is configured to correct the signal for a positive Doppler shift or a negative Doppler shift. The relay station also includes a transmitter configured to transmit the signal data from the signal processing device to a server arranged remotely from the relay station at the celestial body.

A system and method of improving data link performance between two or more wireless data transceivers includes: clipping and inverting the data components of a communication signal which are calculated to cause non-linear saturation effects in the downstream power amplifier; delaying a first time series to align the first time series with the clipped and inverted data components of a second time series; adding the clipped and inverted data components of the second time series to the delayed first time series to obtain a modified composite waveform; creating a sacrificial band containing principal energy of the clipped and inverted data components of the second time series; harvesting the principal energy of the sacrificial band to obtain an optimized composite waveform; and amplifying the optimized composite waveform with the downstream power amplifier of one or more of the two or more wireless data transceivers.