A satellite sensing payload may include a plurality of hyperspectral imaging sensors configured to capture sensor data across a plurality of wavelengths, and a communication device configured to communicate with a ground station. The satellite sensing payload may also include an artificial intelligence (AI) processing and analysis unit configured to store the captured sensor data in data cubes, process the data cubes to generate at least one sensor insight based thereon, and communicate the at least one sensor insight with the ground station via the communication device.

Systems and methods for outroute load balancing in a multi-band hybrid satellite communication system include comparing the load metric of each of code rate organizers (CROs) to a threshold value; placing each CRO in one of a surplus load balancing set and a deficit balancing set based on a value of the load metric; and determining a probability metric for each satellite terminal associated with each of the CROs in the surplus load balancing set. The probability metric indicates a probability of the terminal moving to one of the CROs in the deficit load balancing set. At least one satellite terminal associated with one of the CROs in the surplus load balancing set is then caused to switch to one of the CROs in the deficit load balancing set based on the probability metric of the at least one satellite terminal.

Systems and methods for a satellite communication system include identifying highly active terminals (HUTs) in a spot beam of a satellite; determining a first ratio of single-band HUTs that operate in a first frequency band only to multi-band HUTs that operate in the first frequency band and a second frequency band; and determining a second ratio of outroutes for the first frequency band to outroutes for the second frequency band. When the first ratio is less than the second ratio, a first step of balancing the single-band HUTs across the outroutes for the first frequency band is performed, and then the multi-band HUTs are balanced across both the outroutes for the first frequency band and the outroutes for the second frequency band. When the first ratio is greater than the second ratio, the single-band HUTs and the multi-band HUTs are allocated based on at least one weight factor.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for allocation uplink bandwidth. In some implementations, a method includes a terminal that transmits a request for streaming media to a connected client device. The terminal obtains a classification for a flow of packets related to the streaming media, wherein the classification indicates a type of the streaming media. Based on the classification, the terminal requests for a reservation of periodic uplink bandwidth for the connected client device, wherein the requested reservation is for uplink bandwidth to be repeatedly allocated over a series of future communication frames to carry future requests from the connected client device for the streaming media while the connected client device continues to receive or play the streaming media. The terminal receives allocations of uplink bandwidth. The terminal uses the uplink bandwidth to transmit a request for subsequent data.

A satellite is provided, including an onboard computing device. The onboard computing device may include a processor configured to receive training data while the satellite is in orbit. The processor may be further configured to perform training at a machine learning model based at least in part on the training data. The processor may be further configured to generate model update data that specifies a modification made to the machine learning model during the training. The processor may be further configured to transmit the model update data from the satellite to an additional computing device.

The disclosed system provides distributed management and control of satellite constellations. Such distributed management and control that involves a plurality of satellites, a plurality of ground stations, a mission control station, and a data center that hosts a portion of an Internet cloud. The system resolves issues that have plagued legacy attempts. Specifically the disclosed system includes optimized communication with satellites that leads to more efficient transfer of data and payloads to or from or by or between satellites and ground control systems. This is achieved through use of micro-batching of communications. In this manner, data may be processed and more effectively transmitted to and from more than one satellite and back to one or more ground stations, including coordinated transmissions of portions of a micro-batch between two or more ground stations.