A device may receive capacity information associated with a plurality of base stations, and may receive user equipment demands associated with the plurality of base stations. The device may receive, from a satellite, a satellite backhaul demand associated with the satellite, and may calculate excess backhaul capacities associated with the plurality of base stations, based on the user equipment demands and the capacity information. The device may identify a base station, of the plurality of base stations, to provide a satellite backhaul path for the satellite, based on the excess backhaul capacities and the satellite backhaul demand, and may provide, to the base station, a message instructing the base station to activate a satellite antenna associated with the base station. The device may provide, to the satellite, data identifying the base station, and may establish the satellite backhaul path for the satellite, via the base station.

A system comprising an accelerator including a first physical port couplable to a first module and a second physical port configured to communicate with a wide-area network. The accelerator is programmed to receive outbound data from user devices via the first module, and route the outbound data to either the first physical port or the second physical port. The first module is a separate unit from the accelerator. The first module includes an indoor unit configured for satellite internet.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, an end-to-end beamforming system include a relay satellite and a ground network to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground network includes geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system (CPS). Beamformers of the ground network generate forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the satellite, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form forward user beams.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

System including a gateway, a non-terrestrial node, a terrestrial node and at least a user equipment and a HARQ controller, the gateway being configured to forward a data packet, the data packet to be transmitted to the user equipment, to the non-terrestrial node, the non-terrestrial node being configured to forward the received data packet to the user equipment using a signal, the user equipment being configured to analyze the received data packet regarding a transmission error and/or to analyze the signal from the non-terrestrial node regarding a signal quality and to generate a negative acknowledgment command or an acknowledgement command dependent on the transmission error or to generate another signal indicating the reception signal quality dependent on the reception signal quality, the user equipment being configured to transmit the acknowledgement command and the non-acknowledgement command or the other signal to the terrestrial node communicating with the non-terrestrial node.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

A method for piloting from bypass in a network based on a satellite load platform can unify the influence of distance change and Doppler frequency shift of satellite ground stations in the whole network, and realize accurate quasi synchronization between the clock of the whole network and the clock of the satellite. The method includes transmitting a pilot signal from bypass based on a satellite load platform in a satellite communication system, taking a spaceborne high stability timing clock source as a reference, and transmitting the pilot signal to all downlink beams to provide the pilot signal for all satellite stations covered by the satellite.

A terminal, allowing bidirectional communication with a gateway, receives information from the gateway through a forward satellite and sends information towards the gateway through a return satellite. The terminal comprises an antenna arrangement having a receive aperture for receiving signals from forward satellite and a transmit aperture for transmitting signals to return satellite. A controller computes a pointing direction from receive aperture towards the forward satellite based on the terminal's position and orientation, the antenna arrangement's geometry, and the forward satellite's orbital position; and computes a pointing direction from the transmit aperture towards the return satellite based on the computed pointing direction from the receive aperture towards the forward satellite and the return satellite's orbital position. The invention also relates to a system comprising a terminal and a gateway, and to a method for operating a terminal.

A terminal, allowing bidirectional communication with a gateway, receives information from the gateway through a forward satellite and sends information towards the gateway through a return satellite. The terminal comprises an antenna arrangement having a receive aperture for receiving signals from forward satellite and a transmit aperture for transmitting signals to return satellite. A controller computes a pointing direction from receive aperture towards the forward satellite based on the terminal's position and orientation, the antenna arrangement's geometry, and the forward satellite's orbital position; and computes a pointing direction from the transmit aperture towards the return satellite based on the computed pointing direction from the receive aperture towards the forward satellite and the return satellite's orbital position. The invention also relates to a system comprising a terminal and a gateway, and to a method for operating a terminal.

A method comprising determining, by a function, that a first satellite lacks processing or communication capabilities; and routing data traffic, by the function, from the first satellite to a second satellite, the second satellite having higher processing or communication capabilities than the first satellite. The processing and communication capabilities of the first and second satellite are directly related to their power availability, which is derived from solar energy means. Another method comprising determining, by a function, that a first satellite cannot provide computing or communication resources; migrating data, by the function, from the first satellite to a second satellite that can provide the computing or communication resources; computing the data, by the computing resources of the second satellite; and transmitting computed data, by the function, from the second satellite to the first satellite.