Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may select a default value for a radio parameter used for communicating with a network node based at least in part on whether the network node is a terrestrial network (TN) node or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node, an orbit type associated with the network node, or a coverage type associated with the network node. The UE may transmit a communication, e.g., to the network node based at least in part on the default value for the radio parameter. Numerous other aspects are described.

Provided is a mechanism which is capable of improving wireless link quality regarding transmission from a terminal device on the ground to a non-ground station device. A terminal device including a control unit configured to acquire information regarding a type of a base station device and control a transmission timing of a signal to the base station device on the basis of the information regarding the type of the base station device.

An outdoor device of a timing system includes a receiver for receiving clock information from a satellite system, a processing system for running master functionality of a clock synchronization protocol to transfer the clock information to an indoor device of the timing system, and a transceiver for transferring data between the outdoor device and the indoor device. A memory device stores a fixed delay value estimating a time delay from a reception moment of a request message related to the clock synchronization protocol to a transmission moment of a reply message. There is no need to compute a difference between clock times corresponding to the reception moment and the transmission moment because the fixed delay value is used in lieu of the difference in the clock synchronization protocol. Thus, quality requirements related to an oscillator of the outdoor device can be mitigated.

Methods and techniques are described for supporting satellite wireless by a user equipment (UE) using satellite acquisition information. A UE may obtain (e.g., from an AMF or gNB) acquisition information for satellite cells supporting access to a PLMN. The UE may enter an inactive state with no radio access, may later leave the inactive state, find a preferred satellite cell based on the acquisition information and access the satellite cell (e.g., camp on the cell or connect to the PLMN using the cell). The acquisition information may indicate satellite cells available at one or more predefined times for a known location of the UE or may enable a satellite cell to be found for any UE location at any time. The acquisition information may also provide timing, frequency and other information to enable a UE to access a satellite cell with reduced latency and reduced power consumption.

Method, device and computer program product for wireless communication are provided. A method includes: transmitting, by a radio access node to an access management node, satellite access information. The satellite access information is adapted to be used for at least one of a session policy acquisition or a satellite usage collection.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, an end-to-end beamforming system include a relay satellite and a ground network to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground network includes geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system (CPS). Beamformers of the ground network generate forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the satellite, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form forward user beams.

A system for centralized management of access subnetwork selections is disclosed. The system comprises an Internet protocol-based communications management (ICM) client located on an onboard server of each of one or more vehicles, and an ICM server located at a ground center. The ICM server is in operative communication with the ICM client on each of the one or more vehicles. The ICM client on each of the one or more vehicles is operative to communicate with the ICM server through one or more subnetworks, which are in operative communication with a ground network. The ground network communicates with the ICM server.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A communication device, such as a user equipment (UE) may transmit, to a base station of a non-terrestrial network, a random access request message associated with a random access procedure using a transport block size (TBS) and a power control specified for the random access request message (e.g., a payload of the random access request message) for the random access procedure. The random access request message including a random access preamble and a random access payload carrying a buffer status report (BSR) or uplink data, or both. The UE may then monitor a response window based at least in part on transmitting the random access request message. The UE may receive, from the base station of the non-terrestrial network, a response message of the random access procedure during the response window.

Provided is a mechanism which is capable of improving wireless link quality regarding transmission from a terminal device on the ground to a non-ground station device. A terminal device including a control unit configured to acquire information regarding a type of a base station device and control a transmission timing of a signal to the base station device on the basis of the information regarding the type of the base station device.