Consistent the present disclosure, a network or system is provided in which a hub or primary node may communication with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity that may be greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed that receive data carrying optical signals from and supply data carrying optical signals to the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Consistent with an aspect of the present disclosure, optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. In addition, the subcarriers may be employed using multiple access techniques, such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM), code-division multiple access (CDMA), and time-division multiple access so that the primary node can communicate with a relatively large number of secondary nodes. In addition, an out-of-band control channel may be provided to carry OAM information from the primary node to the secondary nodes, as well as from the secondary nodes to the primary nodes.

A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.

The present disclosure provide for a radio frequency over glass (RFoG) system having an optical node and an RFoG extender residing in a first service area coupled to the optical node. The RFoG functions to transmit an upstream (US) radio frequency (RF) signal to a head end, receive a downstream (DS) RF signal from the head end and extend the DS RF signal to the second service area. The second service area is different from the first service area and the second service area is remote from the first service area.

Provided herein are various improvements to laser communication ranging. In one example, a method includes combining a ranging signal with data communications into an optical transmission for receipt by a communication node, and obtaining an additional optical transmission transferred by the communication node comprising additional data communications combined with a retransmitted version of the ranging signal. The method includes determining an indication of a range to the communication node based at least on a comparison between properties of the ranging signal and properties of the retransmitted version of the ranging signal after separation from the additional data communications.

A communication system comprises a remote digital beam-forming network configured to receive a set of input signals destined for a set of user devices and generate element signals to be radiated by a set of remote antenna array elements; a pre-processor coupled to the remote digital beam-forming network, configured to perform a wavefront multiplexing transform on signal waveforms including the element signals and generate wavefront multiplexed signals; an optical line terminal coupled to the pre-processor, configured to process the wavefront multiplexed signal streams to generate optical waveform streams; and optical fibers coupling the optical line terminal to a set of optical network units.

An extended reality headset has light-based communication transceivers coupled to the extended reality headset. The relative position of a remote transceiver with respect to the current position and orientation of the extended reality headset is determined. A line-of-sight is calculated from the light-based communication transceivers to the remote transceiver. The light-based communication transceivers emit a light-based communications beam in accordance with the calculated line-of-sight. The light-based communications beam is adjusted in response to changes to the relative position of the remote transceiver with respect to the current position and orientation of the extended reality headset.

A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.

Systems for low power distribution in a power distribution network (PDN) contemplate using multiple low-power conductors to convey power from a power source to a remote sub-unit. The multiple conductors are isolated from one another to help prevent overcurrent conditions in a fault condition. In a first exemplary aspect, the isolation is provided by galvanic isolation. In a second exemplary aspect, the isolation is provided by diodes at the remote sub-units. Further, current sensors may be used at the power source to detect if any of the multiple low-power conductors are carrying current above a defined threshold current. By providing one or more of these safety features, a multiplexer may not be needed at the remote sub-unit, thus providing cost savings while preserving the desired safety features.

A derivation method includes: a transmission step of transmitting, to a wireless terminal, a first radio-wave signal according to an optical signal with a first wavelength and a second radio-wave signal according to an optical signal with a second wavelength; a communication start time information acquisition step of acquiring information on a first communication start time and information on a second communication start time; a reception time information acquisition step of acquiring information on a first reception time and information on a second reception time; a transmission time period derivation step of deriving a first round trip time and deriving a second round trip time; and an optical fiber length derivation step of deriving an optical fiber length, based on the first round trip time, the second round trip time, a group velocity or a group delay time of the optical signal with the first wavelength, and a group velocity or a group delay time of the optical signal with the second wavelength.

A hub node may or have a capacity greater than that of associated leaf nodes. Accordingly, inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, each connection including one or more segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator. As the capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers associated with, and thus the amount of data provided to, each node, may be changed accordingly.