Techniques and systems for selectively performing band-switching operations are provided. For example, a method, computing device, or computer-program product may be provided, and may include receiving a communication from a first device, wherein the communication is received on a channel of a first WiFi frequency band, wherein the communication is received using a first WiFi circuit of the computing device, and wherein the computing device is a node of a mesh network. The method, computing device, or computer-program product may further include determining whether the first device is a node of the mesh network, determining a second device to which to transmit the communication, and determining whether the second device is a node of the mesh network. The method, computing device, or computer-program product may further include determining whether to transmit the communication to the second device on a second WiFi frequency band, wherein the second WiFi frequency band is different from the first WiFi frequency band, and wherein determining whether to transmit the communication on the second WiFi frequency band depends on whether the first device is a node of the mesh network.

The present invention discloses a method of rearrangement of optical amplifiers in a fiber-upgraded elastic optical network, including: traversing through the amplifiers on the upgraded link through a redundancy removal process to remove redundant EDFAs from the upgraded link and calculating the cost saved by the redundancy removal process; rearranging the amplifiers on the upgraded link through a full rearrangement process to rearrange all the EDFAs on the upgraded link and calculating the cost saved by the full rearrangement process; comparing the cost saved by the redundancy removal process with the cost saved by the full rearrangement process on the upgraded link and selecting a process that saved more costs as the method of rearrangement of optical amplifiers on the upgraded link; and perform rearrangement of optical amplifiers on all the upgraded links sequentially. This method can minimize the number of optical amplifiers without significantly reducing spectrum resource utilization.

The present invention discloses a method of rearrangement of optical amplifiers in a fiber-upgraded elastic optical network, including: traversing through the amplifiers on the upgraded link through a redundancy removal process to remove redundant EDFAs from the upgraded link and calculating the cost saved by the redundancy removal process; rearranging the amplifiers on the upgraded link through a full rearrangement process to rearrange all the EDFAs on the upgraded link and calculating the cost saved by the full rearrangement process; comparing the cost saved by the redundancy removal process with the cost saved by the full rearrangement process on the upgraded link and selecting a process that saved more costs as the method of rearrangement of optical amplifiers on the upgraded link; and perform rearrangement of optical amplifiers on all the upgraded links sequentially. This method can minimize the number of optical amplifiers without significantly reducing spectrum resource utilization.

The present disclosure provides a method and a device for amplifying uplink light of a passive optical network, and a computer-readable storage medium. The passive optical network includes an optical network unit, an optical line terminal, and an optical amplifier provided between the optical network unit and the optical line terminal, and the method include: receiving a registration signal transmitted from the optical line terminal; determining a gain value of the optical amplifier, and performing gain value adjustment on the optical amplifier according to the determined gain value; and completing registration when an uplink optical signal transmitted to the optical line terminal through the optical amplifier reaches preset power.

Described are systems, devices, and techniques for extending wireless networks and associated systems, devices, and techniques for determination of optimal locations of a wireless range extender, such as by evalauating a quality of a wireless signal originating from a wireless gateway or access device and determining whether an alternative placement of a wireless range extender would result in improved quality. Also described are systems, devices, and techniques for automatically grouping multiple bands of a single wireless access device as well as systems, devices, and techniques that simplify connection of wireless devices to a wireless access device, such as by evaluating wireless messages transmitted on different bands to determine that the wireless messages originate from the same wireless access device.

An optical transmission device includes: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory; the processor: generate a first symbol by mapping a transmission data series to a first signal point which belongs to a first group within a signal space defined with regard to characteristics of an optical carrier wave of the transmission data series; generate a second symbol by mapping the transmission data series to a second signal point belonging to a second group; calculate a perturbation quantity of a signal electric field for each of the first and second symbols based on signal electric field vector information of a symbol which is generated before the first symbol and the second symbol; and determine, as a transmission signal, a symbol having a smaller perturbation quantity between the first symbol and the second symbol.

Apparatus for providing communication between ground-based User Equipment (UE) and at least one core network and a method for providing wireless communication between ground-based User Equipment (UE) and at least one core network are disclosed. The apparatus for providing communication between ground-based User Equipment (UE) and at least one core network comprises a plurality of low earth orbit satellites each comprising at least one satellite-based optical transmitter element and at least one satellite-based optical receiver element for providing at least one optical communication link; and at least one aerial vehicle comprising at least one aerial vehicle based optical transmitter element and at least one aerial vehicle based optical receiver element for providing at least one optical communication link and at least one directional antenna for providing a wireless communication link to a ground-based station and/or mobile UE.

Described are systems, devices, and techniques for extending wireless networks and associated systems, devices, and techniques for determination of optimal locations of a wireless range extender, such as by evalauating a quality of a wireless signal originating from a wireless gateway or access device and determining whether an alternative placement of a wireless range extender would result in improved quality. Also described are systems, devices, and techniques for automatically grouping multiple bands of a single wireless access device as well as systems, devices, and techniques that simplify connection of wireless devices to a wireless access device, such as by evaluating wireless messages transmitted on different bands to determine that the wireless messages originate from the same wireless access device.

Described are systems, devices, and techniques for extending wireless networks and associated systems, devices, and techniques for determination of optimal locations of a wireless range extender, such as by evalauating a quality of a wireless signal originating from a wireless gateway or access device and determining whether an alternative placement of a wireless range extender would result in improved quality. Also described are systems, devices, and techniques for automatically grouping multiple bands of a single wireless access device as well as systems, devices, and techniques that simplify connection of wireless devices to a wireless access device, such as by evaluating wireless messages transmitted on different bands to determine that the wireless messages originate from the same wireless access device.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Techniques described herein provide for a user equipment (UE) with a Modulated Retro Reflector (MRR) to support full duplex Optical Wireless Communications. To achieve full duplex communication, the UE and a network entity may use compatible modulation schemes for downlink communications and uplink communications. The UE and network entity may negotiate and agree upon compatible the uplink and downlink modulation schemes. The UE may receive a downlink OWC transmission using the downlink modulation scheme and transmit an uplink OWC transmission via modulating the downlink transmission in accordance with the uplink modulation scheme.