A connection status detector of a controller determines that a two-wire cable is forward connected, in a case where a synchronization pattern of reception data completely coincides with a synchronization pattern for forward connection check. The connection status detector determines that the two-wire cable is reversely connected, in a case where the synchronization pattern of reception data completely coincides with a synchronization pattern for reverse connection check. A transmission data inverter reverses an uplink signal output from a transmission data processor, in a case where it is determined that the two-wire cable is reversely connected. A reception data inverter reverses a downlink signal output from a reception driver, in a case where it is determined that the two-wire cable is reversely connected.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for performing beamforming training in multi-antenna wireless devices. For example, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a first interface configured to obtain, from each of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) modules, a first information regarding detection of one or more pilot signals via at least one antenna element at a respective one of the plurality of RF modules. The apparatus may also include a processing system configured to process the first information obtained from the plurality of RF modules to generate second information to synchronize the plurality of RF modules, and a second interface configured to provide the second information to the plurality of RF modules.

Provided are an apparatus and a method for resetting a transimpedance amplifier for low-power passive optical network equipment for improving the synchronization performance of an uplink burst signal by resetting the transimpedance amplifier for amplifying a received signal of an optical transceiver at a time point at which a frame of the uplink burst signal ends. There is an effect of improving the burst-mode clock and data reconstruction performance through simple analysis of a bit pattern and thus reducing a guard time or a number of repetitions of preambles by accurately identifying the time point at which the frame of the uplink burst signal ends without using a frame data analysis scheme to reset the transimpedance amplifier.

System and method of frame alignment at a receiver with power optimization mechanisms. A framer uses one or more comparators to search for the FAW in the incoming data, with each comparator configured to serially compare multiple windows of a parallel M-bit block (as provided from a parallel data bus) with the FAW. Multiple comparators in the framer may operate in parallel to search for the FAW at different windows. This configuration can significantly reduce the comparator count and so the gate count as well as the chip area in a framer. Power consumption can be advantageously reduced as one comparator operating serially consumes less power than multiple comparators in parallel because less gate toggling is involved.

Methods and systems can suppress invalid defect detection when Out-Of-Frame (OOF) conditions occur within an Optical Transport Network. One method for processing a report of a defect during an OOF condition may include detecting the OOF condition at a downstream node, detecting an indication of the defect caused by the OOF condition, suppressing a report associated with the indication of the defect, determining whether the OOF condition is clear, determining whether the indication of the defect is still present if the OOF condition is clear; and cancelling the report if the indication of the defect is not present. A network node which processes a report of a defect during an OOF condition may include a network interface, and a processor which is coupled to the network interface. The processor may be configured to perform a method for suppressing invalid defect detection during OOF conditions.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for performing beamforming training in multi-antenna wireless devices. For example, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a first interface configured to obtain, from each of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) modules, a first information regarding detection of one or more pilot signals via at least one antenna element at a respective one of the plurality of RF modules. The apparatus may also include a processing system configured to process the first information obtained from the plurality of RF modules to generate second information to synchronize the plurality of RF modules, and a second interface configured to provide the second information to the plurality of RF modules.

A device and method for frame synchronizing in a receiver of a communication system. The frame, transmitted in a signal out of a J-PSK constellation, J2, is received including a data sequence, a synchronization marker preceding the data sequence and an acquisition sequence preceding the synchronization marker, and wherein the synchronization marker is searched by using the acquisition sequence. In addition, a sliding observation window with an extended length, being MN can be used. Also, a buffer-based peak detection to find the synchronization marker in a buffered span of received symbols can be used, in addition to list decoding in order to exploit the error detection capability of the channel decoding in the receiver for false alarm detection.

System and method of frame alignment at a receiver with power optimization mechanisms. A framer uses one or more comparators to search for the FAW in the incoming data, with each comparator configured to serially compare multiple windows of a parallel M-bit block (as provided from a parallel data bus) with the FAW. Multiple comparators in the framer may operate in parallel to search for the FAW at different windows. This configuration can significantly reduce the comparator count and so the gate count as well as the chip area in a framer. Power consumption can be advantageously reduced as one comparator operating serially consumes less power than multiple comparators in parallel because less gate toggling is involved.

Techniques that provide link establishment between a radio equipment controller (REC) and a radio equipment (RE) in a fronthaul network are described herein. In one embodiment, a method includes performing, Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) Layer 1 (L1) link auto-negotiation operations to establish a CPRI link between the REC and RE. A proxy slave may achieve a hyper frame number (HFN) synchronization with the REC at a link bit rate for a first CPRI bit stream and communicate the first CPRI bit stream and the link bit rate to a proxy master. The proxy master may communicate a second CPRI bit stream to the proxy slave to transmit to the REC. The L1 link auto-negotiation operations are completed and CPRI link is established between the REC and the RE when the REC achieves a HFN synchronization for the second CPRI bit stream.

The present disclosure relates to a capsule endoscope transmitter configured to transmit frames including control frames and data frames to a capsule endoscope receiver. The capsule endoscope transmitter includes a preamble generator configured to generate preambles for synchronizing and identifying the control frames used to select a reception electrode pair that receives the frames, and a line sync generator configured to generate a line sync for synchronizing the data frames and identifying a code value of each of the data frames.