Time synchronization between communication devices may be necessary for proper communications. The time synchronization may include determining a first target Session Management Function of a first terminal based on first target Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information, a first target Data Network Name, first identity information, and first type indication information of a first time-sensitive network grandmaster clock by using a Network Repository Function. A first target label information may be obtained from a Unified Data Manager based on the first target Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information, the first target Data Network Name, the first identity information, and the first type indication information of the first time-sensitive network grandmaster clock.

Disclosed herein to a method and apparatus for synchronizing signals. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for synchronizing a signal. The method comprising: receiving a reference time and performing time synchronization with the reference time; calculating a clock frequency of a system clock based on the reference time; and generating a sampling clock by using the calculated clock frequency of the system clock and a preset sampling frequency.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for improving the time synchronization of global positioning system (GPS) satellite systems and related methods of using such systems. In some aspects, the GPS satellite systems comprise a swarm of CubeSat or other small form factor satellites.

A packet processing method includes receiving a first packet by a first receiving interface of a media conversion module of a first network device, where the first packet includes a first alignment marker (AM), sending a second packet by a first sending interface of the media conversion module, where the second packet includes the first AM, and where the second packet is the first packet processed by the media conversion module, and calculating a time interval T.sub.1 between a time at which the media conversion module receives the first packet and a time at which the media conversion module sends the second packet, where the T.sub.1 is used to compensate for a first timestamp at which the first network device receives or sends the third packet.

A communication system includes a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) grandmaster configured to provide a PTP clock reference via a PTP network, and a server connected to the PTP grandmaster via the PTP network, the server being configured to generate a frame event and a frame number for a frame synchronization based on a synchronization to the PTP clock reference using PTP.

A method corrects the time defined by an internal clock of an entity capable of receiving signals from a satellite positioning system and of communicating with at least one other entity. When the signals do not allow the satellite positioning of the entity, the method includes: receiving, by the entity, a message originating from the other entity, the message including a first piece of time data associated with the instant the message was transmitted; determining, by the entity, a second piece of time data associated with the instant the message was received by the entity; calculating a time difference between the second piece of time data and the first piece of time data; and then, when the time difference is negative, determining a time correction to be made to the internal clock of the entity.

A small cell synchronization system uses multiple synchronization sources to obtain maximum performance and stability by utilizing all of the plurality of synchronization sources in a multiple small cell system having two or more different mobile communication small cells as one system and a control method thereof. The small cell synchronization system includes: an oscillator providing a system clock signal of a predetermined frequency; and a synchronization management module that collectively manages multiple synchronization sources, and determines the ‘synchronized PPS’ according to a result of comparing the ‘synchronized PPS’ with the PPS for each synchronization source using the system clock and provides it to each small cell along with the system clock.

A controller includes circuitry configured to: synchronize a master clock with an external global clock and set a master time based on the master clock; synchronize a controller clock with the master clock and perform time synchronization to synchronize a controller time based on the controller clock with the master time; transmit controller time data indicating the synchronized controller time to at least one local device; set a plurality of time windows corresponding to a plurality of clock cycles of a clock signal for the time synchronization; determine whether one clock cycle of the plurality of clock cycles has started within one time window of the plurality of time windows, the one time window corresponding to the one clock cycle; and suspend the time synchronization corresponding to the one clock cycle, in response to determining that the one clock cycle has not started within the one time window.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first node (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) may receive a timing synchronization signal from a second node (e.g., a base station) over a cellular wireless communication link. In some aspects, the timing synchronization signal may indicate mapping information to synchronize the first node with the second node. The mapping information may be for synchronizing a first time of a first clock of the first node to a second time of a second clock of a second node. The first node may synchronize the first time of the first clock to the second time of the second clock based at least in part on the mapping information and the synchronization information. The first node may transmit a timing control based on a timing of the second clock to a device connected to the first node via a local wired interface.

A control method and a time aware bridge device for a seamless Precision Time Protocol (PTP) are provided. The control method includes: utilizing the time aware bridge device to pre-configure a first control signal source as a master control signal source, and pre-configure a second control signal source as a backup control signal source; utilizing the time aware bridge device to determine whether one or more packets from the master control signal source conform to at least one predetermined rule to generate a determination result; and selectively configuring the second control signal source as the master control signal source according to the determination result.