Two or more modules communicate over a common control network including receiving by a message packet having data defined by a signal level at defined bit quanta of a bit, the defined bit quanta being less than every bit quanta of a bit, and the communication device samples bit quanta other than the defined bit quanta. The module receives signal disturbances and decodes the signal disturbances as having a value different from an expected value of the certain bit. In another form, the module uses a first counter based on a clock local to the communication device and a second counter having a higher sampling rate than the first counter. Here, the module receives over the control network a synchronizing portion of a message and counts clock ticks of the second counter over a portion of the message to determine a clock rate for a module that transmitted the message.

Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communication technologies, and provide a timing method for dealing with a link exception and an apparatus. A specific solution is as follows: receiving a first synchronization packet from a first terminal device; receiving a second synchronization packet from a second terminal device or a server; and if the first synchronization packet and the second synchronization packet belong to a same TSN domain, determining a to-be-forwarded synchronization packet in the first synchronization packet and the second synchronization packet. In this way, if the to-be-forwarded packet is the first synchronization packet, the first synchronization packet is forwarded, and the second synchronization packet is filtered. Embodiments of this application are used to improve timing precision in a timing process of the TSN device for the 5GS.

A base station of a telecommunication network is provided. The base station includes a wired transceiver, a wireless transceiver, and a controller. The wired transceiver provides wired communication with a first Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) domain outside the telecommunication network. The wireless transceiver provides wireless Time-Sensitive Communication (TSC) with a User Equipment (UE). A controller is configured to receive first TSN clock information from the first TSN domain via the wired transceiver, and schedule a transmission of the first TSN clock information to the UE via the wireless transceiver.

A system and method of effecting time synchronization between disparate nodes on a network where at least one node has knowledge of the true network time, at least one other node requires synchronization to the true network time, and a third node is utilized to facilitate the synchronization process.

A media system, method, and a computer program product for synchronizing device clocks including a plurality of devices having device clocks, where each device is capable of independently selecting a primary clock device from the plurality of devices to coordinate clock synchronization of the remaining devices, e.g., secondary devices. Each device can utilize the same criteria or set of rules to select the primary clock device from among the plurality of devices after an initial exchange of data during a discovery phase. The selection of the primary clock device can be based on random or arbitrary selection, or based on at least one devices characteristic exchanged within the data obtained during the discovery phase. Once selected, the primary clock device coordinates a clock synchronization sequence with each secondary device until each secondary device clock is synchronized to within a predetermined threshold with the primary clock of the primary clock device.

A method and a structure for determining a global clock among systems are disclosed. When a standardized time reference is required among systems, a reference clock source may transmit a calibration signal, and a transmitting time T.sub.d (0) may be recorded. Each system may respectively record an arrival time T.sub.a (n), transmit a return signal to a signal recording unit of the reference clock source, and record a transmitting time T.sub.b (n), after receiving the calibration signal. Similarly, because of different distances, the signal recording unit may record arrival times T.sub.d (n) of the return signals subsequently, and determine time delays Delay (n) between systems and the reference clock source respectively. When all the systems are required to have a completely standardized time reference, a corresponding Delay (n) may be acquired and transmitted to each system. Each system may determine zero deviations T.sub.c (n) of various local clocks from the reference clock source, and take T.sub.c (n) as a correction parameter to correct its own system clock, so that the local clocks of all the systems have a completely standardized time reference.

A first protocol stack for communication on a first physical line is implemented. At least parts of a second protocol stack for communication on a second physical line are implemented. The first protocol stack and the second protocol stack are bonded at the Physical Medium Dependent layer of the first protocol stack and the Physical Medium Dependent layer of the second protocol stack (172). In some scenarios, the bonding may be at an upper edge of the Physical Medium Dependent layer, i.e., at the δ interface.

A user equipment device (UE) comprises physical layer circuitry configured to transmit and receive radio frequency electrical signals with one or more nodes of a radio access network, an audio subsystem configured to generate frames of audio data, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate a time delay from generation of an audio data frame by the audio subsystem of the UE device to transmission of an audio data packet by the physical layer circuitry during a voice call, and decrease the time delay to a delay value that preserves a specified minimum time for delivery of the generated audio data frame to the physical layer circuitry to meet a scheduled transmission time of the audio data packet.

A device may determine a link master/slave relationship for an Ethernet link associated with a connection between a component of the device and a component of another device. The device may determine that Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) is to be enabled on the Ethernet link. The device may identify the component of the device as a SyncE slave or a SyncE master associated with enabling SyncE on the Ethernet link. The device may provide an indication that the component of the device has been identified as the SyncE slave or the SyncE master. The device may determine a SyncE master/slave relationship associated with enabling SyncE on the Ethernet link. The SyncE master/slave relationship may supersede the link master/slave relationship without altering the link master/slave relationship. The device may cause the component of the device to recover a clock based on the SyncE master/slave relationship rather than the link master/slave relationship.

A technique for facilitating clock recovery in a node of a packet-based network is disclosed. The node is synchronized with other nodes based on a master-slave clock mechanism. A list of backup master clock node is maintained for the node, which includes at least one backup master clock node for the node, and in response to occurrence of a synchronization related event, a master clock node of the node is switched from the current master clock node to a backup master clock node selected from the list. A master clock node reselection message is generated and transmitted to the switched backup master clock node for the switched backup master clock node to reselect its master clock node.