A mobile communication device according to one embodiment includes a receiver, an imager, a detector, a determiner. The receiver configured to receive a frame including a first timing, a second timing, and first position information. The imager configured to capture the imaging target for a plurality of times. The detector configured to detect second position information, and third position information. The determiner determines whether or not the frame received by the receiver is a frame transmitted in tandem with an operation performed by the imaging target based on first to fourth timings. The corrector, when the determiner configured to determine that the frame received by the receiver is a frame transmitted in tandem with an operation performed by the imaging target, correct a timing of the clock based on the first to third position information and the first to fourth timings.

A first synchronization signal for synchronization with a synchronization signal source is acquired from a first signal source. A first signal synchronized with the synchronization signal source is generated based on the first synchronization signal. A second synchronization signal for synchronization with the synchronization signal source is acquired from a second signal source different from the first signal source. A second signal synchronized with the synchronization signal source is generated based on the second synchronization signal. A timing signal synchronized with the synchronization signal source is generated based on the first signal of a synchronization device. A phase difference between the timing signal and the second signal is output. An offset is set so that there is no phase difference between the timing signal and the second signal based on the phase difference.

Systems and methods for measuring gas flux are disclosed. One method for calculating gas flux includes: receiving a master clock signal from a global positioning system (GPS) module; transmitting a clock synchronization signal that is based on the master clock signal to a measurement subsystem configured to measure environmental data, wherein the measurement subsystem comprises at least two clocks; receiving the environmental data from the measurement subsystem, wherein the environmental data is associated with the at least two clocks; and calculating gas flux based on the environmental data received from the measurement subsystem.

A synchronization timing loop detection method includes monitoring an active timing reference for a flapping event at a network element, incrementing a counter for each detected flapping event, determining if the counter exceeds a threshold over a predetermined time period, and, if the counter exceeds the threshold, declaring a possible timing loop on the active timing reference. The flapping event can include the active timing reference being active followed by inactive due to synchronization status messaging and one of a logical and physical timing loop on the active timing reference. A synchronization timing loop detection system and a network element for synchronization timing loop detection for the synchronization timing loop detection method are also disclosed.

A method of simplifying the implementation of Synchronous Ethernet on an Ethernet device having a first port and a second port device using a predetermined protocol and signaling, comprises delivering a master clock from a Synchronous Ethernet system to the first port of the Ethernet device; transmitting the delivered master clock to the second port of the Ethernet device independently of the protocol and signaling of the Ethernet device; and transmitting the master clock from the second port of the Ethernet device to a downstream device that supports Synchronous Ethernet. In one implementation, the Ethernet device has a local clock, and the method synchronizes the local clock to the master clock. In another implementation, the Ethernet device does not have a local clock, and the master clock is transmitted from the second port of the Ethernet device to the downstream device without any synchronizing operation at the Ethernet device.

A method for enabling a performance measurement on packet flow transmitted through a communication network. A marking value is periodically switched in the packets with a marking period Tm. The packet flow is then divided into blocks of duration Ts (synchronization period). Each synchronization period comprises an integer number of marking periods. Two or more measurement points on the path of the packet flow may provide a performance parameter for each marking period and associate thereto a synchronization information generated based on their local clocks and relating to the synchronization period containing the marking period to which the performance parameter relates; and a sequence information indicating the marking period's position within the synchronization period. A management server may identify performance parameters provided by different measurement points and relating to a same marking period based on the synchronization information and the sequence information.

A clock synchronization packet exchanging method includes sending, by a first device in a Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group, a first FlexE instance at a first physical layer (PHY), where the first FlexE instance includes a clock synchronization packet, and a second FlexE instance sent by the first device in the FlexE group at a second PHY also includes a clock synchronization packet. The clock synchronization packets are carried in a plurality of FlexE instances transmitted between a transmit end and a receive end in the FlexE group.

The disclosure provides a service transmission method and device. The method includes: a base station acquires a service transmission pattern provided by a sender, the service transmission pattern at least including one of the following information: starting time of a service transmission, ending time of the service transmission, a service transmission period or interval, a service transmission time length in each transmission period, a data packet size or Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) in each transmission period and a service transmission delay requirement; the base station pre-configures a transport resource according to the service transmission pattern; the base station acquires user data provided by the sender, the user data containing a taking-effective time point of a service at a destination end; and the base station transmits the user data to the destination end through the transport resource before the taking-effective time point. In the disclosure, a corresponding transport resource is pre-configured for a terminal according to a service transmission pattern, so that a service transmission delay between each node may be controlled, and it may be ensured that a service reaches a destination end before taking-effective at the destination end.

There is provided a method of processing uplink Ethernet packets of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system, the method includes: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packets in an uplink direction.

A network element (36) includes circuitry and at least one port (72). The at least one port is coupled to an optical fabric (32) including one or more optical switches (40) that provide optical paths between the at least one port and multiple destination nodes, at predefined time slots. The circuitry is configured to hold a schedule plan (84) that specifies which of the destination nodes are accessible via the optical fabric at which of the time slots, to queue packets that are destined to the destination nodes, and to transmit the queued packets via the at least one port in accordance with the schedule plan.