An OLT comprises: a memory configured to store instructions; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute the instructions to cause the OLT to: exchange WDM communications between first ONUs of a first kind and second ONUs of a second kind to enable transmission by the first ONUs and the second ONUs in different wavelength bands; perform identification of interfering first ONUs and susceptible second ONUs; and generate, based on the identification, a schedule of coordinated transmission of the first ONUs and the second ONUs to reduce interference between the first ONUs and the second ONUs.

A set of media channel (MCh) widths are determined to be used in an optical network. Based on the topology of the network, a first set of MCh widths are computed for tentative use in said optical network, said first set of MCh width defining a target spectral efficiency. A reduced set of MCh widths are generated from said first set of MCh widths by mapping each of the original MCh widths of said first set to a corresponding new MCh width, which is identical with or larger than the original MCh width. An optimization algorithm is used that penalizes MCh widths that are more likely to cause fragmentation problems in the spectrum, and penalizes a decrease in spectral width due to the mapping of an original MCh width of said first set to a new, larger width.

Systems and methods for identifying a pair of nodes of a plurality of nodes of a virtual optical network (VON); identifying i) an optical route between the pair of nodes and ii) a desired availability of the optical route; determining a probability density function (PDF) of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a signal of the optical route; determining a SNR threshold such that an integration of the PDF of the SNR of the signal above the SNR threshold corresponds to the desired availability of the optical route; determining a plurality of spectral efficiencies that corresponds to the SNR threshold, each spectral efficiency of the plurality of spectral efficiencies associated with a respective modulation format of a plurality of modulation formats; and identifying a particular modulation format of the plurality of modulation formats that corresponds to a maximum spectral efficiency of the plurality of spectral efficiencies.

A method includes, for each optical fiber path in an optical network, allocating an optical wavelength channel in an optical spectrum such that the allocated optical wavelength channel is assigned to support optical communications over the optical fiber path. The method also includes updating an allocation table in response to performing the allocating for one or more of the optical fiber paths; the allocating including determining the optical wavelength channel to be allocated based on a state of the allocation table. The allocation table indicates optical wavelength channels allocated over optical fiber spans of the optical network. The method also includes defining a set of optical sub-bands to cover a part of the optical spectrum in response to a state of the allocation table satisfying a fullness property. The optical sub-bands are such that each of the allocated wavelength channels is in one of the optical sub-bands.

A data center network includes a plurality of packet-optical switches each at a location in the data center network and each including a switch fabric comprising both a Layer 1 fabric and a packet fabric communicatively coupled to one or more line ports; wherein the plurality of packet-optical switches are communicatively coupled to one another in a topology to form data connectivity in the data center network, and wherein each of the plurality of packet-optical switches is configured to provide the data connectivity through the Layer 1 switch bypassing the packet fabric when the location does not require Layer 2 forwarding in the topology, and provide the data connectivity through the Layer 1 switch and using the packet fabric to provide the data service with multi-point connectivity when the location requires Layer 2 forwarding in the topology.

A wavelength division multiplexing, WDM, network comprising an apparatus adapted to manage a frequency spectrum in the wavelength division multiplexing, WDM, network, the apparatus comprising an adjustment unit adapted to adjust a frequency offset between carriers for each individual carrier depending on performance characteristics of the individual carriers.

An optical signal monitor, including: a storage that holds a threshold value set for each of determination areas having a bandwidth set in accordance with an average grid of dummy light; a measurement section that sequentially measures an optical intensity of an inputted wavelength-multiplexed optical signal with respect to each of measurement areas obtained by dividing the determination area into areas with a bandwidth sufficiently smaller than a grid width of a monitoring-target optical signal composing the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal, and output measured values; and a section that determines that dummy light corresponding to the determination area needs introducing if each of measured values in the determination area is smaller than a threshold value, and, determines that dummy light corresponding to the determination area does not need introducing if at least one of the measured values in the determination area is equal to or larger than the threshold value.

A method and system for transmitting information in well operations. The method for transmitting information may comprise splitting a coherent light into a plurality of wavelengths with a demultiplexer within a fiber comb transmitter and encoding information onto at least one of the plurality of wavelengths within the fiber comb transmitted. The method may further comprise combining the plurality of wavelengths into a second coherent light with a wavelength division multiplexer within the fiber comb transmitter and broadcasting the second coherent light from the frequency comb transmitter. A downhole telemetry system may comprise a frequency comb transmitter, which may comprise a laser source and a modulator. The modulator may further comprise a demultiplexer, an encoder, and a wavelength division multiplexer. The frequency comb transmitter may also comprise a fiber optic cable and a frequency comb receiver.

A multi-wavelength passive optical network (MW-PON) includes an optical distribution network (ODN), a plurality of optical line terminations (OLTs) and an optical network unit (ONU). The ODN includes a trunk fiber, one or more branching elements, and a plurality of distribution fibers. Each OLT is associated with an individual bi-directional wavelength channel using a corresponding single downstream wavelength and a corresponding single upstream wavelength, and supporting a specific downstream line rate and one or more distinct upstream line rates. The ONU is communicatively coupled to a respective distribution fiber, being tunable over a specific range of downstream wavelengths and a specific range of upstream wavelengths, and supporting a specific downstream line rate and a specific upstream line rate. The OLT is configured to assemble a broadcast management message conveying information about bi-directional wavelength channels in said MW-PON system and transmit said message downstream over the associated bi-directional wavelength channel.

An optical signal monitor, including: a storage that holds a threshold value set for each of determination areas having a bandwidth set in accordance with an average grid of dummy light; a measurement section that sequentially measures an optical intensity of an inputted wavelength-multiplexed optical signal with respect to each of measurement areas obtained by dividing the determination area into areas with a bandwidth sufficiently smaller than a grid width of a monitoring-target optical signal composing the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal, and output measured values; and a section that determines that dummy light corresponding to the determination area needs introducing if each of measured values in the determination area is smaller than a threshold value, and, determines that dummy light corresponding to the determination area does not need introducing if at least one of the measured values in the determination area is equal to or larger than the threshold value.