An ophthalmic device can be positioned on a surface of an eye and can modulate an amount of light that can be transmitted therethrough in response to environmental factors and/or release of a therapeutic agent into the eye. The ophthalmic device can include an electronically-mediated medium that can modulate an amount of light transmitted in response to a first electrical signal generated by a signal generator. The ophthalmic device also can include at least one drug reservoir that can release a therapeutic agent to the eye in response to a second electrical signal generated by the signal generator. The signal generator can be encapsulated within the ophthalmic device and in communication with a controller that defines parameters of the electrical signals generated by the signal generator.

Embodiments of an apparatus and method for sealing and cutting of tissue during surgeries, especially in general, endoscopic, laparoscopic and robotic, are described. In one aspect, an apparatus comprises a laser system and a laser beam delivery unit. The laser system comprises a tissue cutting laser configured to emit a first laser beam to cut a tissue. The laser system also comprises a tissue sealing laser configured to emit a second laser beam to seal the tissue. The laser beam delivery unit is detachably coupled to the laser system and is configured to guide and direct the first and second laser beams to cut and seal the tissue.

Embodiments include a clamp for a medical procedure, the clamp having a first clamp member having a first end and a second end, a second clamp member having a first end and a second end, a hinge, the hinge coupling the first ends of the first and second clamp members, a biasing member, the biasing member coupling the second ends of the first and second clamp members, the biasing member being configured to apply a first clamping force in a first stage, and a second clamping force in a second stage, where the second clamping force is greater than the first clamping force.

Provided is a method of determining a hemostatic pressure in a tourniquet includes: driving a limb occlusion pressure (LOP) sensor, which measures a pulse signal of a subject, at a first brightness (S1); checking whether the LOP sensor and a main body are connected to each other (S2); providing a first hemostatic pressure from the main body to the tourniquet (S3); checking, on the basis of a result value of the LOP sensor, whether a pulse of the subject is detected (S4); and, when, on the basis of the result value of the LOP sensor, the pulse of the subject is determined as “not detected,” providing a hemostatic pressure, which is obtained by increasing the current hemostatic pressure by a safe hemostatic pressure, from the main body to the tourniquet (S7).

Embodiments describe a light-based medical device that uses light to luminesce tissue, and collect the reflected light, to perform analysis on the reflection characteristics in real-time to detect the type of surrounding tissue as well deeper tissue in the trajectory of the luminescence. Such device can be incorporated inside needles, catheters, tubes or piercing or biopsy tools, surgical blades, surgical tweezers, and so on, to direct their insertions and operations in specific zones. Importantly, because of the easy-to-use design, embodiments can be used without the need of highly trained personnel or expensive hospital equipment. Therefore, embodiments can be utilized in emergency situations that require fast responses, performed in ERs, moving vehicles, ambulances, and battlefields.

Aspects of the present disclosure are presented for a surgical instrument having one or more sensors at or a near an end effector and configured to aide in the detection of tissues and other materials and structures at a surgical site. The detections may then be used to aide in the placement of the end effector and to confirm which objects to operate on, or alternatively, to avoid. Examples of sensors include laser sensors used to employ Doppler shift principles to detect movement of objects at the surgical site, such as blood cells; resistance sensors to detect the presence of metal; monochromatic light sources that allow for different levels of absorption from different types of substances present at the surgical site, and near infrared spectrometers with small form factors.

An electronic system for a surgical instrument is disclosed. The electronic system comprises a main power supply circuit configured to supply electrical power to a primary circuit. A supplementary power supply circuit configured to supply electrical power to a secondary circuit. A short circuit protection circuit coupled between the main power supply circuit and the supplementary power supply circuit. The supplementary power supply circuit is configured to isolate itself from the main power supply circuit when the supplementary power supply circuit detects a short circuit condition at the secondary circuit. The supplementary power supply circuit is configured to rejoin the main power supply circuit and supply power to the secondary circuit, when the short circuit condition is remedied.

An electronic system for a surgical instrument is disclosed. The electronic system comprises a main power supply circuit configured to supply electrical power to a primary circuit. A supplementary power supply circuit configured to supply electrical power to a secondary circuit. A short circuit protection circuit coupled between the main power supply circuit and the supplementary power supply circuit. The supplementary power supply circuit is configured to isolate itself from the main power supply circuit when the supplementary power supply circuit detects a short circuit condition at the secondary circuit. The supplementary power supply circuit is configured to rejoin the main power supply circuit and supply power to the secondary circuit, when the short circuit condition is remedied.

Provided are a laser control method and a laser irradiation apparatus thereof, which can efficiently perform the laser treatment. The laser control method includes a setting step of setting a guide path on a surface of an object; and an irradiating step of irradiating a laser onto the surface of the object corresponding to the guide path, wherein at least one of a fluence or a frequency of the laser is gradually increased at the beginning stage of the laser irradiation and at least one of the fluence or the frequency of the laser is gradually decreased at the end of the laser irradiation.

Systems, devices, and methods for determining advancement of a surgical laser fiber in an endoscope and providing interlocking feedback for the surgical laser are disclosed. An exemplary method includes directing light from a distal end of an endoscope to a target, optically detecting an amount of the light reflected from the target, transmitting the optically detected amount of light through a laser fiber extending through a working channel of the endoscope, determining, based on the optically detected amount of light, a position of a distal end of the laser fiber relative to the distal end of the endoscope, and generating a control signal to the surgical laser system to adjust laser emission through the laser fiber.