A method of causing a computer to execute: classifying, based on topology for indicating connection relationships among a data-provision apparatus, distribution-destination apparatuses corresponding to distribution destinations of distribution targets, and relay apparatuses configured to relay communications between the data-provision apparatus and the distribution-destination apparatuses, the mutual distribution-destination apparatuses; identifying a first distribution-destination apparatus having a highest communication speed of a directly connected link among the distribution-destination apparatuses belonging to the group; and creating a distribution schedule of the data in a manner that the data is transmitted from the data-provision apparatus to the first distribution-destination apparatus in the same group, and next, the data is transmitted from the first distribution-destination apparatus to a second distribution-destination apparatus other than the first distribution-destination apparatus in the group.

A packet sending method includes obtaining, by a client device, an Internet Protocol (IP) anycast address of the anycast server cluster and an IP unicast address of the target server, generating, by the client device, an IP detection packet, where the IP detection packet is used to detect whether the target server is reachable based on the IP anycast address, and the IP detection packet includes the IP anycast address and the IP unicast address of the target server, and instructs the target server to replace the IP unicast address of the target server with the IP anycast address, and sending, by the client device, the IP detection packet to the target server.

In some examples, a method includes receiving, by an egress network device for a network, messages from each of a plurality of ingress network devices for the network, wherein each of the messages specifies a multicast source, a multicast group, and an upstream multicast hop weight value for multicast traffic for the multicast source and the multicast group; selecting, by the egress network device and based on the upstream multicast hop weight values specified by the received messages, one of the plurality of ingress network devices to which to send a multicast join message of a plurality of multicast join messages for the multicast source and multicast group; and sending, by the egress network device, the multicast join message to the selected one of the plurality of ingress network devices.

The present specification provides a method and an apparatus for a terminal to maintain continuity of multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) service in a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) service boundary area. The terminal receives, from a first cell, an MBMS cell list including information about an MBSFN area. The first cell is a cell where the terminal provides the MBMS service via an MBMS bearer. The terminal performs the MBMS service via a unicast bearer of a second cell on the basis of the received MBMS cell list.

A computing device configured for determining a node status is described. The computing device includes a processor and instructions in memory. The computing device determines a representative node corresponding to a network group with multiple nodes. The computing device also sends a status retrieval directive to the representative node. The status retrieval directive includes a directive for retrieval of the node status of a target node. The computing device also receives the node status of the target node from the representative node and stores the node status on a database.

Several embodiments include a live stream system in a media distribution network. The live stream system can divide a broadcast stream from a broadcaster device into one or more media segments. The live stream system can generate an original manifest uniform resource locator (URL) and a duplicate manifest URL to associate with the media segments. The live stream system can generate a broadcast manifest that identifies the media segments via one or more segment identifiers. The live stream system can upload the broadcast manifest and the media segments to a cache system to make the broadcast manifest accessible via either the original manifest URL or the duplicate manifest URL.

A node device (4) in a network (1) of communicatively interconnected node devices (4) having limited data processing and storage resources, such as a mesh network (1) of node devices (4), receives an inquiry message of the type ‘find the best match’ for information to be located at a node device (4). The inquiry message comprises benchmark data relating to the information to be located. The receiving node device updates the message based on a comparison of the content in the latest received message and the node's locally stored information. The locally stored information is derived from previous received messages from other node devices (4) in the network (1) and information available at the receiving node device. When no update is required, no message is broadcasted by a node device (4) and the local copy at the node devices involved converges in a few broadcasts to a static content from which the information sought can be located in the network (1).

Methods and systems to detect and resolve failure in a distributed database system is described herein. A first node in the distributed database system can detect an interruption in communication with at least one other node in the distributed database system. This indicates a network failure. In response to detection of this failure, the first node starts a failure resolution protocol. This invokes coordinated broadcasts of respective lists of suspicious nodes among neighbor nodes. Each node compares its own list of suspicious nodes with its neighbors' lists of suspicious nodes to determine which nodes are still directly connected to each other. Each node determines the largest group of these directly connected nodes and whether or not it is in that group. If a node isn't in that group, it fails itself to resolve the network failure.

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for a Session-level SDT component in the control plane to handle setup, recovery and mobility of individual session requests in real time. The Session-level SDT component may comprise path management that performs either stateless of stateful path switching for an ongoing session, whether download or uplink, according to the stateful requirements of the session. The path management may be in conjunction with user equipment mobility management operation; it may also be in conjunction with network scalability and automation operation, such as load balancing.

An apparatus and method for generating a broadcast signal frame for signaling a time interleaving mode are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal; a power normalizer configured to perform power-normalizing for reducing the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing time interleaving after performing the power-normalizing; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling a time interleaving mode corresponding to the time interleaver for each of physical layer pipes (PLPs).