Described herein are systems and methods for supporting multicast for virtual networks. In some embodiments, a native multicast approach can utilized in which packet replication is performed on a host node of a virtual machine (VM) with a multicast data packet encapsulated in uniquely address unicast packets. In some embodiments, a network virtual appliance can be utilized. A multicast packet sent from the VM can be unicasted to the network virtual appliance. The multicast appliance can then replicate the packet into multiple copies and send the packets to the receivers in the virtual network as unicast data packets encapsulating the multicast packet.

Methods and systems to detect and resolve failure in a distributed database system is described herein. A first node in the distributed database system can detect an interruption in communication with at least one other node in the distributed database system. This indicates a network failure. In response to detection of this failure, the first node starts a failure resolution protocol. This invokes coordinated broadcasts of respective lists of suspicious nodes among neighbor nodes. Each node compares its own list of suspicious nodes with its neighbors' lists of suspicious nodes to determine which nodes are still directly connected to each other. Each node determines the largest group of these directly connected nodes and whether or not it is in that group. If a node isn't in that group, it fails itself to resolve the network failure.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of the multicast network. Disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention are a method of establishing a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) session based on bit index explicit replication (BIER), a BFIR, a BFER, a system and a storage medium. A method includes: establishing, by a bit-forwarding ingress router (BFIR), the BFD session; flooding, by the BFIR, BFD information to a bit-forwarding egress router (BFER) group based on an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP); and transmitting, by the BFIR, a BFD control packet to a BFER, to trigger the BFER to establish the BFD session corresponding to the BFIR.

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for determining a best or optimal media path or route between communications devices. An exemplary method embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of (i) receiving, at a first communications device, data of a first data communications session, the first data communications session being a first media communications session, the data being media; (ii) selecting an optimal media communications route from a plurality of communications routes between the first communications device and a second communications device; and (iii) communicating the received media of the first media communications session from the first communications device to the second communications device via the selected optimal media communications route. In some embodiments, the optimal media communications route is determined by a UCBot application executing on the first communication device based on media quality metrics for each of the routes determined during test media sessions.

In an aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to network control topology that implements a centralized network controller to deterministically assign, and reassign, underlay multicast groups according to one or more policies and/or parameterized intent of the network administrator. The centralized network controller, in some embodiments, comprises a map server-neap resolver controller configured to provide deterministic and centralized allocation of underlay multi cast groups, e.g., to provide security, traffic engineering, network and resource management.

The present invention relates to a method for announce-pull data broadcasting in a blockchain based on information-centric networking (ICN). The present invention includes, transmitting announcement messages to notify having any data in the format of an ICN Interest packet, by a blockchain node, to the blockchain node's peers; receiving, by the blockchain node, data request messages, which request the data, from the blockchain node's peers, wherein data request messages for the same ICN Data packet receiving from multiple blockchain nodes can be aggregated at a middle ICN node; and transmitting, by the blockchain node, the ICN Data packet corresponding to the data request message to the blockchain node's peers, wherein the ICN Data packets can cached at the middle ICN node.

This disclosure describes an architecture for supporting MBS sessions in a wireless access network. Each of such MBS sessions is flexibly and dynamically delivered by the access network into one or more Point-To-Point (PTP, or unicast) and Point-To-Multipoint (PTM, or multicast) delivery instances. As such, a subset of the UEs participating in the MBS may be configured to receive the MBS session in a PTP-like manner and quality. The architecture further allows for access network level switching of one or more of the UEs participating in the MBS session between the PTP mode and PTM mode. Such switching are effectuated dynamically without involvement of application layer. The resource allocations and configuration for the PTP and PTM delivery instances may be performed in the access network collaboratively between a central unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). Such collaborative resource allocation and configuration may be effectuated using a novel architecture for the signaling messages between the CU and the DUs.

A method for file downloading by a computing device is described. The method includes sending a multicast representative message on a multicast channel in response to receiving file download instructions. The multicast representative message indicates that the computing device is a multicast representative. The method also includes downloading file data during a multicast delay. The method additionally includes sending the file data on the multicast channel upon expiration of the multicast delay. The method further includes sending a multicast complete message.

Techniques of packet level redundancy in distributed computing systems are disclosed herein. In one example, upon receiving an original packet to be transmitted from a source host to an application executing at a destination host, the source host generates a duplicated packet based on the received original packet. The source host can then encapsulate the original and duplicated packets with first and second outer headers having first and second header values, respectively, and transmitting the original and the duplicated packets from the source host to the destination host via a first network path and a second network path in the computer network, respectively. Then, the transmitted original and duplicated packets can be de-duplicated at the destination host before providing the de-duplicated original and duplicated packets to the application executing at the destination host.

An information transmission apparatus includes a generating unit and a receiving unit. The generating unit generates a second instruction part when a first instruction part is selected. The first instruction part gives an instruction to perform a first transmission process of transmitting information to multiple first transmission destinations. The second instruction part gives an instruction to perform a second transmission process of transmitting the information to at least one second transmission destination among the first transmission destinations. The at least one second transmission destination is a transmission destination to which the information fails to be transmitted. The receiving unit receives change of a second transmission setting for the second transmission process. The second transmission setting is associated with the second instruction part and includes destination information of the at least one second transmission destination.