A surgical system includes a surgical instrument, including a shaft assembly having a distal end and an end effector at the distal end of the shaft assembly. The end effector includes a first jaw, a second jaw movably coupled relative to the first jaw for clamping tissue therebetween, and an optical sensor for detecting the tissue. The surgical system also includes a generator configured to supply a therapeutic energy to the first jaw or the second jaw, and a pass-through device configured to be connected between the surgical instrument and the generator. The pass-through device includes a therapeutic energy connector configured to operatively couple the generator to the surgical instrument for transmitting the therapeutic energy from the generator to the first jaw or the second jaw, and at least one optical component configured to transmit light to the optical sensor and to receive light from the optical sensor.

Disclosed is a method of operating an electrosurgical instrument including an end effector with segmented electrodes.

Various systems and methods for determining the composition of tissue via an ultrasonic surgical instrument are disclosed. A control circuit can be configured to monitor the change in resonant frequency of an ultrasonic electromechanical system of the ultrasonic surgical instrument as the ultrasonic blade oscillates against a tissue and determine the composition of the tissue accordingly. In some aspects, the control circuit can be configured to modify the operation of the ultrasonic electromechanical system or other operational parameters of the ultrasonic surgical instrument according to the detected tissue composition.

A robotic surgical system for treating a patient comprises a first robotic arm configured to remotely control a surgical instrument that is positionable within a cavity of the patient; a second robotic arm configured to remotely control a device that is passable through an orifice of the patient; and a control circuit communicatively couplable to the first and second robotic arm. The first and second robotic are each attached to a surgical platform. The control circuit is configured to determine a position of the arms; cause each of the first and second robotic arm to change their respective position and orientation based on an adjustment of a platform position of the surgical platform; and control the first robotic arm and the second robotic arm to cooperatively interact to perform a surgical operation.

A dilator tool for use with a robotic surgical system is disclosed. In some embodiments, the dilator comprises a set of elongate members with an atraumatic form. The elongate members are individually controlled to manipulate tissue and push tissue away from a working channel. The operation to create a working channel may reduce the risk of tissue injury over traditional methods using a scalpel.

A method for characterizing a state of an end effector of an ultrasonic device is disclosed. The ultrasonic device including an electromechanical ultrasonic system defined by a predetermined resonant frequency. The electromechanical ultrasonic system further including an ultrasonic transducer coupled to an ultrasonic blade. The method including applying, by an energy source, a power level to the ultrasonic transducer, measuring, by a control circuit coupled to a memory, an impedance value of the ultrasonic transducer, comparing, by the control circuit, the impedance value to a reference impedance value stored in the memory; classifying, by the control circuit, the impedance value based on the comparison; characterizing, by the control circuit, the state of the electromechanical ultrasonic system based on the classification of the impedance value; and adjusting, by the control circuit, the power level applied to the ultrasonic transducer based on the characterization of the state of the end effector.

The present disclosure relates generally to a surgical system. The surgical system comprises one or more surgical instrument assemblies and a surgical navigation system. The surgical instrument assemblies comprises a tracking device capable of being tracked by the surgical navigation system. The surgical system is also configured to allow the user to define one or more alert zones relative to anatomical structures of the patient and/or a surgical pathway. The surgical system further comprises an alert device in communication with the surgical navigation system, such that the alert device is configured to provide a user-perceptible alert to the surgeon or medical professional based on the position of the surgical instrument, as determined by the surgical navigation system, relative to the defined alert zones and/or surgical pathway.

Various examples are directed to systems and methods for operating a surgical instrument comprising a firing member translatable proximally and distally along a longitudinal axis between a stroke begin position to a stroke end position distal of the stroke begin position; a knife coupled to the firing member; and a motor coupled to the firing member to translate the firing member between the stroke begin position and the stroke end position. A control circuit may receive a firing signal and begin a firing member stroke by providing an initial motor setting to the motor. The control circuit may maintain the initial motor setting for an open-loop portion of the firing member stroke. The control circuit may receive firing member motion data describing a motion of the firing member during the open-loop portion of the firing member stroke and may select a firing control program based at least in part on the motion of the firing member during the open-loop portion of the firing member stroke.

A treatment system includes a treatment tool, an imaging apparatus, and a control device. The treatment tool is configured to perform treatment on a living tissue by applying treatment energy from an end effector to the living tissue based on supplied electric power. The imaging apparatus captures an image of the living tissue in a state in which the treatment energy is applied from the end effector to the living tissue. The control device includes a processor to control the imaging apparatus by acquiring the captured image, determining whether an abnormality has occurred in the end effector based on the acquired captured image, and executing an instruction to stop supply of the electric power to the treatment tool when determining that the abnormality has occurred in the end effector.

Systems and methods for controlling an irrigation flow rate during a lithotripsy procedure are provided. The system includes a laser configured for lithotripsy procedure, a lithotripsy irrigation system, and a temperature sensor configured to provide input to enable control of a flow of the lithotripsy irrigation system in response to a change in temperature from the operation of the laser.