A first VXLAN tunnel is established between a gateway device and an aggregation switch which corresponds to a BRAS group including several BRAS network elements. A second VXLAN tunnel is established between the gateway device and each of the BRAS network elements. In an example, when receiving a first VXLAN packet from the aggregation switch through the first VXLAN tunnel, the gateway device may acquire a first user packet by de-encapsulating the first packet and forward an encapsulated first user packet to the BRAS network element through the second VXLAN tunnel by VXLAN encapsulating the first user packet. In turn, the gateway device may receive a second VXLAN packet from the BRAS network element through the second VXLAN tunnel and forward a corresponding encapsulated second user packet to the aggregation switch through the first VXLAN tunnel.

A method of, a customer-premises equipment for, and a hybrid access gateway server for, enabling a hybrid access gateway server to identity an access type of traffic originating from a customer-premises equipment, CPE, wherein said hybrid access gateway server is arranged to control access to a service network, and wherein said CPE comprises at least two Wide Area Network, WAN, interfaces.

This application provides a terminal identification method and an apparatus, and relates to the communications field. The terminal identification method includes: a communications device generates and sends a data packet; and after receiving the data packet, a network device determines, based on terminal information included in an internet protocol (IP) packet header of the data packet, a terminal type of a terminal corresponding to the terminal information.

Systems and methods for periodically refreshing the MAC-IP bindings in the database based on message exchanges made with the plurality of second network devices under a secondary protocol different than the at least one of an ARP protocol and an ND protocol.

A server may receive an authentication packet from a Forwarder via a data channel. Where, the server enables a BRAS control plane function and the Forwarder enables a BRAS forwarding plane function. The server authenticates the authentication packet. When the authentication is successful, a session entry for instructing the Forwarder to forward a data packet is created, and the session entry and an identity of the data channel are transmitted to the Forwarder through a protocol connection paired with the data channel.

A packet forwarding method, a device, and a system, where a first provider edge (PE) device separately sends request packets to a second PE device and a third PE device. The second PE device receives the two request packets separately using a primary pseudo wire (PW) and using a secondary PW, the third PE device, and a bypass PW, switches preferential forwarding statuses relative to the primary PW and the bypass PW to a balance state, and then, notifies the first PE device and the third PE device using a response packet. The first PE device switches preferential forwarding statuses relative to the primary PW and the secondary PW to the balance state based on the response packet. The third PE device switches a preferential forwarding status relative to the bypass PW to the balance state based on the response packet.

Network system comprising multiple access network gateways interconnected via networking equipment, each of the access network gateways being adapted for connecting user equipment devices to the network system, wherein the network system comprises a database wherein private networks are defined as groups of predetermined user equipment devices, and wherein the access network gateway are configured to interconnect user equipment devices belonging to a single private network via SDN service chains to emulate the single private network inside the network system.

Systems and methods are described for a media guidance application (e.g., implemented on a user device) that improves quality of service while streaming code-agnostic content by editing manifest files.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a virtual network device. The virtual network device is configured to implement a broadband network gateway BNG function, and the virtual network device includes a load balance unit and a first forwarding unit; the load balance unit is configured to: receive a first data packet from a first user terminal, determine the first forwarding unit according to the first data packet and a first correspondence, and send the first data packet to the first forwarding unit, where the first correspondence indicates mapping from the first user terminal to the first forwarding unit; and the first forwarding unit is configured to receive and forward the first data packet. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention further disclose a method for implementing load sharing in a virtual network device.

A control device for authorizing access and modifications to information and settings of the control device. When a user wishes to make a modification to settings of the control device, the user sends a request to access the settings with a user device. The user is authorized to access the settings when the user physically interacts with the control device within a predetermined time before or after sending the request to access the settings.