Transmission quality is improved in an environment in which direct waves dominate in a transmission method for transmitting a plurality of modulated signals from a plurality of antennas at the same time. All data symbols used in data transmission of a modulated signal are precoded by hopping between precoding matrices so that the precoding matrix used to precode each data symbol and the precoding matrices used to precode data symbols that are adjacent to the data symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain all differ. A modulated signal with such data symbols arranged therein is transmitted.

Methods are disclosed for improving communications on feedback transmission channels, in which there is a possibility of bit errors. The basic solutions to counter those errors are: proper design of the CSI vector quantizer indexing (i.e., the bit representation of centroid indices) in order to minimize impact of index errors, use of error detection techniques to expurgate the erroneous indices and use of other methods to recover correct indices.

A processor coupled to a first communication device produces and transmits a first encoded vector and a second encoded vector to a second communication device via a communication channel that applies a channel transformation to the encoded vectors during transmission. A processor coupled to the second communication device receives the transformed signals, constructs a matrix based on the transformed signals, detects an effective channel thereof, and identifies left and right singular vectors of the effective channel. A precoding matrix is selected from a codebook of unitary matrices based on a message, and a second encoded vector is produced based on a second known vector, the precoding matrix, a complex conjugate of the left singular vectors, and the right singular vectors. A first symbol of the second encoded vector and a second symbol of the second encoded vector are sent to the first communication device for identification of the message.

A processor coupled to a first communication device produces and transmits a first encoded vector and a second encoded vector to a second communication device via a communication channel that applies a channel transformation to the encoded vectors during transmission. A processor coupled to the second communication device receives the transformed signals, constructs a matrix based on the transformed signals, detects an effective channel thereof, and identifies left and right singular vectors of the effective channel. A precoding matrix is selected from a codebook of unitary matrices based on a message, and a second encoded vector is produced based on a second known vector, the precoding matrix, a complex conjugate of the left singular vectors, and the right singular vectors. A first symbol of the second encoded vector and a second symbol of the second encoded vector are sent to the first communication device for identification of the message.

An eigenvalue decomposition apparatus includes: first generation means for inputting a first matrix and generating a 2×2-dimensional third matrix using a plurality of elements included in a second matrix based on the first matrix; first calculation means for calculating a two-dimensional eigenvector that corresponds to a maximum eigenvalue of the third matrix; first update means for generating a fourth matrix obtained by reducing the dimension of the second matrix by using the two-dimensional eigenvector, updating the second matrix based on the fourth matrix, and determining, when the number of elements included in the fourth matrix is one, the element included in the fourth matrix to be an eigenvalue of the first matrix; and second calculation means for determining the eigenvector of the first matrix using the two-dimensional eigenvectors calculated before the number of elements included in the fourth matrix becomes one.

A processor coupled to a first communication device produces and transmits a first encoded vector and a second encoded vector to a second communication device via a communication channel that applies a channel transformation to the encoded vectors during transmission. A processor coupled to the second communication device receives the transformed signals, constructs a matrix based on the transformed signals, detects an effective channel thereof, and identifies left and right singular vectors of the effective channel. A precoding matrix is selected from a codebook of unitary matrices based on a message, and a second encoded vector is produced based on a second known vector, the precoding matrix, a complex conjugate of the left singular vectors, and the right singular vectors. A first symbol of the second encoded vector and a second symbol of the second encoded vector are sent to the first communication device for identification of the message.

Transmission quality is improved in an environment in which direct waves dominate in a transmission method for transmitting a plurality of modulated signals from a plurality of antennas at the same time. All data symbols used in data transmission of a modulated signal are precoded by hopping between precoding matrices so that the precoding matrix used to precode each data symbol and the precoding matrices used to precode data symbols that are adjacent to the data symbol in the frequency domain and the time domain all differ. A modulated signal with such data symbols arranged therein is transmitted.

A method for predicting channel state information is described. The method includes determining whether or not geodesic prediction is to be performed and transmitting the determination of whether or not geodesic prediction is to be performed in a first part of uplink control signaling. In response to determining that geodesic prediction is not to be performed, the method includes transmitting a current channel estimate in a second part of uplink control signaling, and in response to determining that geodesic prediction is to be performed, the method includes transmitting either a determined current value of a tangent vector, or a determined step size parameter, or both the determined current value of the tangent vector and the determined step size parameter in the second part of uplink control signaling. Channel state information is predicted based on information provided in the first and second parts of uplink control signaling.

A wireless communication method includes receiving, by a first wireless device during a training phase, reference tones using a first number of resource elements from a transmitter of a second wireless device, wherein the first wireless device comprises multiple receiving antennas, estimating, by the first wireless device, from the receiving the reference tones, a second order statistics of wireless channels between the multiple receiving antennas and the transmitter of the second wireless device, and performing channel estimation, during an operational phase subsequent to the training phase, using the second order statistics and reference tones received on a second number of resource elements, wherein the second number is less than the first number.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, an apparatus and a computer readable storage medium of user selection for MU-MIMO communications. In example embodiments, a method is provided. The method comprises determining a set of candidate terminal devices; and iteratively performing the following at least once until an end condition is met: generating, based on respective channel estimations for the set of candidate terminal devices, a covariance matrix indicating interdependency among the set of candidate terminal devices; determining a minimum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix and an eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue, the eigenvector indicating a set of measurements for interdependency among the set of candidate terminal devices; and updating the set of candidate terminal devices by removing, from the set of candidate terminal devices, a candidate terminal device associated with a maximum measurement in the set of measurements.