The proposed solution relates to a method and an apparatus in a communication system. The solution includes receiving as an input a frame including of a set of data symbols and reference symbols, each data symbol forming a rectangular symbol constellation of samples, derotating the first symbol of the set on the basis of the reference symbols, and setting phase rotating angle of the first symbol as zero. The solution further includes for each following successive symbol in the set of symbols: performing equalization; reducing the number of samples in the constellation by selecting samples in two or more corners of the constellation by utilizing two or more threshold values; estimating the phase rotating angle of the symbol from the reduced number of samples and derotating the symbol on the basis of the determined phase rotating angle.

A Belief Propagation (BP) equalization method and apparatus, a communication device and a storage medium are disclosed. The method may include: splitting a received signal Y.sub.c, a channel estimation H.sub.c and a symbol estimation X.sub.c into real parts and imaginary parts to obtain a received signal matrix Y, a channel estimation matrix H and a symbol estimation matrix X (S101); performing orthogonal triangular (QR) decomposition on the channel estimation matrix H to obtain an equivalent received signal Y.sub.bp, an equivalent channel R and a noise power ?.sup.2 (S102); and performing iteration based on the equivalent received signal Y.sub.bp, the equivalent channel R and the noise power ?.sup.2 to obtain a position probability of per stream symbol (S103).

An apparatus for processing data symbols in a multi-carrier transmitter, includes a transmit pulse shaper and a transmit sub-band filter. The transmit pulse shaper is adapted to filter a plurality of data pulses with respective transmit pulse shaping filters. Each of the data pulses is associated with a respective carrier of the multi-carrier communication system. The transmit sub-band filter is adapted to perform sub-band filtering of the pulse-shaped data pulses. The sub-band filter and at least one of the transmit pulse shaping filters are correlated. This correlation may be achieved by jointly designing the sub-band filter and the pulse shaping filter(s).

An antenna unit includes a first lower layer processor configured to receive a first lower layer signal from a device and to convert the first lower layer signal into first higher layer data units; a higher layer processor configured to convert the first higher layer data units into second higher layer data units; a second lower layer processor configured to generate a second lower layer signal from the second higher layer data units; and a radio frequency conversion module configured to convert the second lower layer signal into radio frequency signals for communication using an antenna; wherein communication between the device and the antenna unit using the first lower layer signal having the first higher layer data units has a lower data rate than would communication between the device and the antenna unit using the second lower layer signal having the second higher layer data units.

A wireless communication method for transmitting wireless signals from a transmitter includes receiving information bits for transmission, segmenting the information bits into a stream of segments, applying a corresponding forward error correction (FEC) code and an interleaver to each of the stream of segments and combining outputs of the interleaving to generate a stream of symbols, processing the stream of symbols to generate a waveform, and transmitting the waveform over a communication medium.

Some demonstrative embodiments include devices, systems and/or methods to establish a connection to the Internet via a local gateway (L-GW) function for a LIPA or a SIPTO@LN. The establishment of the connection to the Internet may be performed, for example, by at least one of an E-RAB SETUP procedure, an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP procedure, an INITIAL UE MESSAGE procedure or an UPLINK NAS TRANSPORT procedure.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are described related to interference averaging to generate feedback information and interference averaging to demodulate receives signals. In embodiments, an evolved Node B (eNB) may transmit interference averaging information to a user equipment (UE) including a time domain averaging indicator indicating a time domain averaging window to be used by the UE for averaging interference measurements in a time domain or a frequency domain averaging indicator to indicate a frequency domain averaging window to be used by the UE for averaging interference measurements in a frequency domain. Additionally, or alternatively, the eNB may transmit an interference resource group (IRG) indicator to the UE to indicate an IRG over which the UE is to perform interference averaging to facilitate demodulation of signals received by the UE from the eNB.

A system for reception of electromagnetic waves in a spectrum in which interference with radio frequencies of other electronics devices occurs comprising a transmitter; at least one receiver configured to receive the received signal; each received signal organized into a digital vector; at least one memory portion configured to store a plurality of received signals in a vector form; the vectors being combined into a matrix, each vector of the matrix being a digital data record representing a received signal; at least one processor operatively connected to the at least one memory portion; the at least one processor configured to estimate that portion of the received signal attributable to noise; the at least one processor operating to jointly estimate a minimal number of distinctive noise patterns and minimize the simplicity of the data of interest; the at least processor operating to process the noise and data of interest separately.

Technology to provide quality of experience aware multimedia streaming is disclosed. In an example, a server operable to provide hyper-text transfer protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming, can include computer circuitry configured to: determine a bandwidth available to the server for transmitting HTTP adaptive streaming content to a plurality of clients; receive HTTP requests from the plurality of clients for representations offered by the server in a manifest file for the HTTP adaptive streaming; and calculate an availability of each representation that is offered in the manifest file for the server. The availability can be calculated, at least in part, based on the determined bandwidth. The availability of each representation can be communicated from the server to the plurality of clients.

Transceivers and methods able to recover within less than 1 millisecond from quality degradation in the transceiver's operating point, including: receiving a signal from a second transceiver, using an adaptive digital equalizer and canceller (ADEC) to generate a slicer input signal, and generating slicing decisions and slicing errors that are used to adapt the ADEC. Shortly after identifying quality degradation in the transceiver's operating point, indicating the second transceiver to transmitting known data. And within less than 1 millisecond from identifying the quality degradation, the transceiver utilizes the known data to improve the accuracy of the slicing errors, which enables fast adaptation of the ADEC that improves the quality in the transceiver's operating point to a level that enables the transceiver to indicate the second transceiver to transmit data.