A method and apparatus for synchronizing operations between a first circuit and a second circuit is disclosed. The method involves writing receive data from the first circuit to a first ring buffer at a first rate. The first ring buffer has a fixed-length of buffer elements and respective read and write buffer pointers. The buffered receive data is read from the first ring buffer to the second circuit at a second data rate. The respective positions of the read and write buffer pointers are detected, and a relative position between the read and write pointers is dynamically adjusted to enforce at least a predetermined minimum spacing. The dynamic adjustment comprises selectively adding or deleting portions of the data to or from the ring buffer.

A transmission device may include a main driver configured to drive an output node based on an input signal, and may generate an output signal with multiple levels. The transmission device may include a variable emphasis driver configured to drive the output node with various driving forces based on transition information of the input signal.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for controlling a reconfigurable intelligent surface. One method (600) includes determining (602), at a controller, a control signal for a reconfigurable intelligent surface to control a configuration of elements of the reconfigurable intelligent surface. The control signal includes a pair of parameters corresponding to two orthogonal directions. The method (600) includes sending (604) the control signal to the reconfigurable intelligent surface to control the configuration of elements of the reconfigurable intelligent surface.

A method for quantizing data representative of a radio signal received by a radio antenna of a mobile network. The method includes: demodulating the radio signal received by the antenna, providing a demodulated signal; scalar quantizing each value of the demodulated signal using a quantization table selected according to a channel coding level used to transmit the radio signal, providing a quantized demodulated signal; and transmitting the quantized demodulated signal to a channel decoding module.