An embodiment of the present invention discloses a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, a terminal device, a base station, and a system, to ensure that a signal has a sufficiently large capacity when a PAPR is low, and reduce power consumption of the terminal device. The method in embodiments of the present invention includes: generating, by the terminal device, a first signal; performing, by the terminal device, code division processing on the first signal using a target code division sequence selected from a code division sequence set, to generate a second signal, where any two code division sequences in the code division sequence set meet orthogonality and shift orthogonality; and sending, by the terminal device, the second signal to the base station at a corresponding time-frequency resource location.

Provided are a signal modulation method and device, and a storage medium. The method includes: generating a first bit sequence and a second bit sequence; modulating the first bit sequence with a first modulation scheme to obtain a corresponding modulation symbol including control information; and modulating the second bit sequence with a second modulation scheme to obtain a corresponding modulation symbol including data information.

Based on at least a portion of an SS block index, a UE may scramble information and a base station may descramble the scrambled information. Specifically, a UE may determine an SS block index associated with an SS block for reception. The UE may scramble information based on at least a portion of the determined SS block index. The information may include at least one of data, control information, or a CRC associated with control information. The UE may transmit the scrambled information to a base station. A base station may receive, from the UE, information scrambled based on at least a portion of an SS block index. The scrambled information may include at least one of data or control information. The base station may descramble the scrambled information based on the at least the portion of the SS block index.

A base station may determine an SS block index associated with an SS block for transmission, and may scramble information based on at least a portion of the determined SS block index. The information may include at least one of a reference signal, data, paging information, control information, broadcast information, or a CRC associated with control information. The base station may transmit the SS block and scrambled information to a UE. A UE may receive an SS block and information scrambled based on at least a portion of an SS block index associated with the SS block. The information may include at least one of a reference signal, data, paging information, control information, broadcast information, or a CRC associated with control information. The UE may descramble the scrambled information based on the at least the portion of the SS block index.

An apparatus and method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system is disclosed, in which the apparatus for OFDM transmission in the WLAN system includes a signal repetition unit to repeat an encoded signal based on a block unit and output the encoded signal and a repeated signal, an interleaver to interleave the encoded signal and the repeated signal and output an interleaved signal, a modulator to modulate the interleaved signal and output modulated symbols, and a phase rotation unit to phase shift the modulated symbols.

The present disclosure provides a transmission method comprising splitting a block of bits to be transmitted into a number of groups each consisting of k+2q bits, wherein k and q are natural numbers and each of the groups includes a subgroup consisting of k bits and two subgroups each consisting of q bits and performing 2.sup.q-ary QAM modulation on the subgroups of q bits from the groups of k+2q bits to obtain QAM symbols, respectively. The QAM symbols are processed so that two QAM symbols obtained from the two subgroups of q bits in each of the groups of k+2q bits are mapped onto at least two antennas as consecutive processed symbols. Through the use of 2.sup.k-ary FSK modulation, a frequency tone to which the two consecutive processed symbols are allocated is selected according to the subgroup of k bits from each of the groups of k+2q bits before transmission.

In independent-sideband (ISB) coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM) modulation, data is transmitted twice in each COFDM symbol interval. The data is mapped both to OFDM carriers located in the lower sideband of the ISB COFDM modulation signal and to OFDM carriers located in its upper sideband. Preferably, the ordering of OFDM carriers modulated by given coded data is the same in both the lower and upper sidebands of the COFDM modulation signal. Preferably, bits of the labels in the map of QAM symbol constellations in the each sideband more likely to experience error correspond to bits of the labels in the map of QAM symbol constellations in the other sideband less likely to experience error.

Provided are a data modulation method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium. The data modulation method includes that: a modulation manner is configured, where a constellation point modulation symbol of the modulation manner is formed by combining a first group of constellation point modulation symbols and a second group of constellation point modulation symbols; and data is modulated by using the modulation manner, where the data includes a first data block and a second data block, the first data block is modulated by the first group of constellation point modulation symbols, and the second data block is modulated by the second group of constellation point modulation symbols.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a coexistence of a first radio access technology (RAT), such as a fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) technology with a second RAT, such as a narrow-band internet-of-things (NB-IOT) technology. In a first aspect, a 5G NR resource block size and an NB-IOT resource block size are defined, and a compatible alignment of an NB-IOT resource block and a 5G NR resource block is identified. An offset associated with the compatible alignment is then determined in which the offset is within a threshold offset and facilitates an identification of a valid NB-IOT resource block. In a second aspect, an offset associated with a compatible alignment of a 5G NR resource block and an NB-IOT resource block is ascertained, and a channel raster is shifted according to the offset associated with the compatible alignment.

An apparatus and method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system is disclosed, in which the apparatus for OFDM transmission in the WLAN system includes a signal repetition unit to repeat an encoded signal based on a block unit and output the encoded signal and a repeated signal, an interleaver to interleave the encoded signal and the repeated signal and output an interleaved signal, a modulator to modulate the interleaved signal and output modulated symbols, and a phase rotation unit to phase shift the modulated symbols.