Identifying peers to a client for the client to obtain data. A method includes receiving from the client an identification of a dataset and a specification of one or more byte ranges of the dataset. As a result, the method further includes identifying one or more other clients associated with the one or more byte ranges of the dataset to acts as peers to the client. The method further includes providing an indication of the one or more of the other identified clients as peers to the client.

In one aspect, machines in a managed network implements a set of rules that cause individual machines to directly interact with only a small number of machines in the network (i.e., a local neighborhood within the network), while the independent local actions of the individual machines collectively cause the individual machines to be self-organized into one or more communication orbits without any global control or coordination by a server or an administrator. The communication orbits are used for supporting network, security and system management communications in the managed network.

Machines in a managed network implement a set of rules that cause individual machines to directly interact with only a small number of machines in the network. Independent local actions of the individual machines collectively cause the individual machines to be self-organized into one or more communication orbits without any global control or coordination by a server or an administrator. The communication orbits are used for supporting security management, including, at a first node of the network, receiving a security management message from an upstream neighbor through a respective receiving channel from the upstream neighbor to the first node; performing one or more security management operations in accordance with the security management message received from the upstream neighbor; and forwarding the security management message to a downstream neighbor through a respective propagation channel from the first node to the downstream neighbor.

An optimization service discovery method for optimizing data transmission by multi-session applications, includes: receiving an optimization service lookup query from one of a plurality of user clients in a network, each of said user clients executing a multi-session application; and identifying an optimization service and responding to the query with a network address of one or more servers providing said optimization service.

In connection with a data distribution architecture, client-side deduplication techniques may be utilized for data transfers occurring among various file system nodes, in some examples, these deduplication techniques involve fingerprinting file system elements that are being shared and transferred, and dividing each file into separate units referred to as blocks or chunks. These separate units may be used for independently rebuilding a file from local and remote collections, storage locations, or sources. The deduplication techniques may be applied to data transfers to prevent unnecessary data transfers, and to reduce the amount of bandwidth, processing power, and memory used to synchronize and transfer data among the file system nodes. The described deduplication concepts may also be applied for purposes of efficient file replication, data transfers, and file system events occurring within and among networks and file system nodes.

Network architectures and methods including addressing and dynamic network topology construction schemes that guarantee maximally efficient and scalable routing are disclosed herein. The network architectures and methods introduce a new approach to network design. The network architectures and methods include an addressing scheme based on geographic position of network nodes, and a network topology construction scheme based on the addressing scheme and that can reproduce properties of the existing Internet topology. A routing algorithm for the network architecture is shown to be maximally scalable and efficient. According to an example embodiment, a network includes a plurality of nodes, where each node has a network address based on a latitude of a location of the node, a longitude of the location of the node, and a centrality of the location of the node.

An object of the present invention is to develop scalable and decentralized cloud platforms. That is achieved by introducing geographical process look-up. In this specification, geographical process lookup implies finding a running software process running a runtime environment associated with a geographical location. This process can also be used to find a runtime environment to deploy a new (software) process. According to embodiments of the present invention geographical process lookup is accomplished by combining geohash and Kademlia's ability to find nodes that are close to each other and by introducing special software agents so called process runtime agents, which are responsible for managing (e.g. deploying/starting) software processes. Geographical process lookup is then achieved according to embodiments by storing references to the process runtime agents in the DHT as key-values, with the key being the agent's geohash string generated from their geographic latitude and longitude coordinates, and the value being other information e.g. how to connect to the agent.

Localizing network traffic using network topology is provided. A request for content is received from a first peer of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network having a plurality of peers. In response to receiving a request for content, one or more peers to receive the requested content in the P2P network are determined. One or more nodes in a trace route from the first peer to a predetermined address that are common to the trace route from the one or more peers to the predetermined address are determined. The one or more common nodes are ordered by hops from the first peer. At least one peer is selected from the ordered one or more common nodes to recommend to the first peer. The selected at least one peer is recommended to the first peer. The first peer then connects with the recommended at least one peer and receive the content.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are directed to a first peer-to-peer (P2P) enabled device configured to wirelessly transmit a first request message and a second P2P-enabled device configured to wirelessly receive the first request message. In response to receiving the first request message, the second P2P-enabled device wirelessly transmits a second request message to the first P2P-enabled device, and if the first request message is rejected by the second P2P-enabled device, the second request message includes status control information indicating that the first request message is rejected. In addition, if the first request message is to be cancelled, the first P2P-enabled device transmits another request message to the second P2P-enabled device with status control information indicating that the first request message has been cancelled.

Embodiments of a system and method for automatic context sharing across multiple devices are generally described herein. In some embodiments, an application context information transfer technique is provided that is capable of detecting when the user is moving away from or towards a stationary or fixed-location computing device, and transferring application context information to or from a mobile device. The application content information transferred between devices may include information that allows the user to continue a computing device activity on the mobile device or continue mobile device activity on the computing device, such as editing a document, reading a website article, or viewing a streaming video. The techniques described herein may be used to automate the transfer of such application context information between devices.