Use of multiple sensors to determine whether motion of an object is occurring in an area is described. In one aspect, an infrared (IR) sensor can be supplemented with a radar sensor to determine whether the determined motion of an object is not a false positive.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for optimizing communication in a blockchain network. An example method includes establishing, by a first relay node in the blockchain network, a connection with a first blockchain node in the blockchain network in response to a connection request of the first blockchain node; receiving, by the first relay node, a registration request transmitted by the first blockchain node; generating, by the first relay node, a registration event based on the registration request; updating, by the first relay node, a local routing table based on the registration event; and forwarding, by the first relay node, a message of the first blockchain node to another relay node or another blockchain node in the blockchain network that is connected to the first relay node based on the local routing table.

A method and apparatus form and/or define a network topology in a Layer 3 network with a plurality of nodes, where each node has at least one interface. To that end, the method defines a plurality of neighborhoods, and assigns at least one interface of each node to at least one of the neighborhoods. The method also assigns a communication role to each interface so that each communication role is effective relative to one of the plurality of neighborhoods. The method then enables communication between the interfaces of the plurality of nodes as a function of the neighborhoods and the communication roles.

Described are systems, methods, and media for providing secure and scalable decentralized computation for one or more decentralized applications. Features include a blockchain, and a plurality of nodes that are separated into at least a first specialized node type and a second specialized node type. Nodes of the first specialized node type can be assigned non-deterministic tasks to perform, and each of the nodes of the second specialized node type can be assigned deterministic tasks to perform. Thus, the disclosed systems and methods can achieve improvements in speed and cost that scale with hardware capacity without compromising decentralization.

An Internet of Things (IoT) network composite object includes a device owner with name server and sub-object list, sub-objects, and a blockchain recording the sub-objects. An IoT network composite object includes a device owner with composite object type name server, and blockchain. An IoT network coalition group includes coalition group name server, coalition group member list, and blockchain. An IoT network apparatus includes device identity generator, message publisher, network applier, device describer, and packer sender. An IoT network apparatus includes a device registrar to register device to first network through a portal to second network, device joiner, token requester, and authentication request sender. An IoT network apparatus includes an identity verifier to verify the identity of an authentication request, and an authentication request response returner. An IoT network apparatus including a caller entity credential issuer, an object entity provisioner, credential presenter, and access control list policy applier.

A control device may be configured to form a network at a unique coordinated startup time. The control device may identify a role assigned to the control device in a previously-formed network that the control device was attached to. The control device may determine a unique coordinated startup time for the control device based on the role assigned to the control device in the previously-formed network. The control device may initiate a network formation procedure at the unique coordinated startup time for the device. For example, the network formation procedure may cause the control device to attach to another control device in the network. The network formation procedure is configured to enable the control device to assume the role assigned to the control device in the previously-formed network in the new network.

A computing device may perform a method that includes determining whether internal time reference data is available while booting the computing device. When the internal time reference data is unavailable, the device clock is set to a default time setting. However, when the internal time reference data is available while booting the computing device, the method includes searching the internal time reference data for a most recent time reference, and setting the device clock to a current time setting based on the most recent time reference.

An Internet of Things (IoT) network includes an orchestrator to issue service management requests, a service coordinator to identify components to participate in the service, and a component to perform a network service element. An IoT network includes an IoT device with service enumerator, contract enumerator, and join contract function. An IoT network apparatus includes permissions guide drafter for discovered peers, and permissions guide action executor. An IoT network apparatus includes floating service permissions guide drafter for discovered hosts, host hardware selector, floating service permissions guide executor, and service wallet value transferor. An IoT network apparatus includes permissions guide drafter for first and second discovered peers, parameter weight calculator, permissions guide term generator, and permissions guide action executor. An IoT network includes an IoT device with resource hardware component identifier, processor to process a received indication of an external module hardware requirement, an external module comparer, and deactivation signal transmitter.

Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture for decentralized data storage and processing for IoT devices are disclosed. An example apparatus includes memory; and a processor to cause storage of a contract in an off-chain datastore; generate a hash value of the contract; cause storage of the hash value on a blockchain to be accessible to multiple nodes in an IoT network; and cause storage of a transaction on the blockchain, the transaction corresponding to an objective of the contract based on data sensed by an IoT device in the IoT network.

A trusted communications environment includes a primary participant with a group creator and a distributed ledger, and a secondary participant with communication credentials. An Internet of Things (IoT) network includes a trusted execution environment with a chain history for a blockchain, a root-of-trust for chaining, and a root-of-trust for archives. An IoT network includes an IoT device with a communication system, an onboarding tool, a device discoverer, a trust builder, a shared domain creator, and a shared resource directory. An IoT network includes an IoT device with a communication system, a policy decision engine, a policy repository, a policy enforcement engine, and a peer monitor. An IoT network includes an IoT device with a host environment and a trusted reliability engine to apply a failover action if the host environment fails. An IoT network includes an IoT server including secure booter/measurer, trust anchor, authenticator, key manager, and key generator.