A circuit device includes an N-type well on a P-type substrate, a P-type well provided in the N-type well, a circuit element provided in the P-type well, a P-type well provided in an N-type well, and a circuit element provided in the P-type well. A ground power supply voltage is supplied to a P-type well. A power supply voltage different from the ground power supply voltage is supplied to a P-type well. The ground power supply voltage or a first potential that is greater than or equal to the potential of the ground power supply voltage and less than the potential of a high potential-side power supply voltage is supplied to an N-type well.

An apparatus and a method are provided to calculate correction parameters by capturing a pattern image and to correct images without interrupting the presentation of a view-use image projected by a projector. The apparatus includes an image projection section that performs an image projection process based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) method, an output image control section that sets a portion of a single-frame output period of a view-use image as a period in which to output a pattern image to be used for calculating an image correction parameter, a correction parameter calculation section that calculates the image correction parameter with use of the pattern image captured by a camera in the pattern image output period, and an image correction section that performs a correction process on the view-use image with use of the image correction parameter. The output image control section controls the pattern image output period in such a manner that pixel values of the pattern image fall within a range from a minimum pixel value to less than a minimum significant pixel value of the view-use image, for example.

A cinema projection method and system are provided, to perform GDR transformation on an original DCP while keeping a luminance component value of pure black unchanged. A transformed DCP has a brighter display luminance than the original DCP, and a display luminance of pure black remains unchanged. By adjusting the PWM, the brightness of a screen display is reduced. To ensure that the transformed DCP has a consistent display luminance with the original DCP, a luminance adjustment consistency mapping model of a local cinema is used to transform a standard PWM level of each frame of the original DCP, to obtain a local PWM level of each frame of the local cinema.

A cinema projection method and system are provided, to perform GDR transformation on an original DCP while keeping a luminance component value of pure black unchanged. A transformed DCP has a brighter display luminance than the original DCP, and a display luminance of pure black remains unchanged. By adjusting the PWM, the brightness of a screen display is reduced. To ensure that the transformed DCP has a consistent display luminance with the original DCP, a luminance adjustment consistency mapping model of a local cinema is used to transform a standard PWM level of each frame of the original DCP, to obtain a local PWM level of each frame of the local cinema.

Dual and multi-modulator projector display systems and techniques are disclosed. In one embodiment, a projector display system comprises a light source; a controller, a first modulator, receiving light from the light source and rendering a halftone image of said the input image; a blurring optical system that blurs said halftone image with a Point Spread Function (PSF); and a second modulator receiving the blurred halftone image and rendering a pulse width modulated image which may be projected to form the desired screen image. Systems and techniques for forming a binary halftone image from input image, correcting for misalignment between the first and second modulators and calibrating the projector system—e.g. over time—for continuous image improvement are also disclosed.

A display apparatus including a display panel including a base substrate and a first pad electrode on a first pad portion of the base substrate, a flexible substrate connected to the first pad portion, and a driving chip electrically connected to the flexible substrate. The flexible substrate includes a first film layer, a first wiring layer on the first film layer and comprising a plurality of wirings, a second film layer on the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer on the second film layer and comprising a plurality of wirings. The wirings of the second wiring layer include a first_first wiring and a first_second wiring, the first_first wiring and the first_second wiring extend in a same direction along a same line and are spaced from each other by a gap therebetween. The gap is at an edge of the base substrate in a plan view.

A driver for powering a pulsed light source of a scanning projector display is configured to provide a succession of powering electric pulses to the light source. Duration of the powering electric pulses is less than a pixel time interval during which a scanner of the projector display is directing the light beam to form a corresponding pixel of the image to be displayed. The amplitude of the powering electric pulses is proportionally higher, such that the light pulse has a pulse energy similar to the light energy provided by the light source when continuously driven through the pixel time interval. This enables the light source to be operated at a steeper portion of the electro-optical transfer curve, thereby improving the wall plug efficiency of the scanning projector display.

Dual and multi-modulator projector display systems and techniques are disclosed. In one embodiment, a projector display system comprises a light source; a controller, a first modulator, receiving light from the light source and rendering a halftone image of said the input image; a blurring optical system that blurs said halftone image with a Point Spread Function (PSF); and a second modulator receiving the blurred halftone image and rendering a pulse width modulated image which may be projected to form the desired screen image. Systems and techniques for forming a binary halftone image from input image, correcting for misalignment between the first and second modulators and calibrating the projector systeme.g. over timefor continuous image improvement are also disclosed.

A semiconductor light source driving device includes: a switching power supply circuit that converts a voltage across direct current (DC) power supply into a DC output voltage and outputs the DC output voltage to a semiconductor light source; and a light source driving circuit connected in series to the semiconductor light source. The switching power supply circuit includes: a switching circuit; an output capacitor; a controller; and an inductor short circuit. The switching circuit includes: a first switching element for voltage control; a second switching element connected in series to the first switching element; and an inductor connected to a connection point between the first and second switching elements. The inductor short circuit includes a diode and a fourth switching element connected in series to the diode.

A circuit device includes an N-type well on a P-type substrate, a P-type well provided in the N-type well, a circuit element provided in the P-type well, a P-type well provided in an N-type well, and a circuit element provided in the P-type well. A ground power supply voltage is supplied to a P-type well. A power supply voltage different from the ground power supply voltage is supplied to a P-type well. The ground power supply voltage or a first potential that is greater than or equal to the potential of the ground power supply voltage and less than the potential of a high potential-side power supply voltage is supplied to an N-type well.