There is a need to support narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. The present disclosure provides a solution by supporting one or more narrowband TDD frame structure(s) for narrowband communications. In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may determine a TDD mode for narrowband communications. The apparatus may determine a TDD frame structure for the narrowband communications from a group of narrowband TDD frame structures. In one aspect, at least one common subframe in each narrowband TDD frame structure in the group of narrowband TDD frame structures may be configured as a downlink subframe. The apparatus may transmit a PSS using the at least one common subframe in the narrowband TDD frame structure determined for the narrowband communications.

The present invention is designed so that UL signals are suitably transmitted in response to the receipt of predetermined DL signals even when the processing time in radio base stations and/or user terminals is shortened. According to one aspect of the present invention, a user terminal has a receiving section that receives a DL signal, and a control section that controls the transmission of a UL signal in response to the DL signal based on timing advance, and the control section exerts control so that, regardless of the timing advance value, the UL signal is transmitted in the UL resource that is located a predetermined period after the timing where the DL signal is received.

A UE may determine a frame structure for narrowband communications, the frame structure corresponding to one frame structure from a group of TDD frame structures of different downlink and uplink subframe configurations. The UE receives configuration information indicating a first carrier to monitor for a BCH and/or a SIB1. Then, the UE receives a PSS, an SSS, and the BCH and/or the SIB1 using the frame structure determined for the narrowband communications. The first carrier that is used to receive the BCH and/or the SIB1 may be different from a second carrier used to receive one or more of the PSS or the SSS.

The disclosure relates to a method performed by a UE, for using subframes of a radio access network for a D2D communication. The method comprises determining subframes available for D2D communication among subframes of the radio access network. The subframes available for D2D communication exclude a number of subframes of the radio access network, such that a periodicity of the D2D communication in number of subframes divides the number of subframes available for D2D communication. The method also comprises using the determined subframes for enabling D2D communication.

There is a need to support narrowband TDD frame structure for narrowband communications. The present disclosure provides a solution by supporting one or more narrowband TDD frame structure(s) for narrowband communications. In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may determine a narrowband communication frame structure comprising a FDD frame structure or a TDD frame structure and a narrowband TDD frame structure configuration for narrowband communications from a group of narrowband TDD frame structures configurations. The apparatus may determine one or more narrowband carriers and subframes within the one or more narrowband carriers to transmit at least one of a BCH or a SIB1 based on the narrowband communication frame structure or the TDD frame structure configuration. The apparatus may transmit a PSS, an SSS, and at least one of a BCH or an SIB1 using the narrowband TDD frame structure determined for the narrowband communications. In one aspect, a carrier used for transmitting the BCH and/or the SIB may be different than a carrier used to transmit one or more of the PSS or the SSS. In another aspect, a narrowband carrier used for transmitting the BCH may be different than a narrowband carrier used to transmit one or more of the PSS or the SSS.

A method determining a timing of an uplink signal includes receiving timing information associated with an uplink signal and a numerology of the uplink signal, wherein the timing information is used to determine a reference time of the uplink signal received from a user equipment (UE), receiving, from the UE, the uplink signal, wherein the receiving is in accordance with the timing information and the numerology of the uplink signal, and measuring an uplink relative time of arrival in accordance with the received uplink signal and the reference time of the uplink signal.

The disclosure relates to a method performed by a UE, for using subframes of a radio access network for a D2D communication. The method comprises determining (650) subframes available for D2D communication among subframes of the radio access network. The subframes available for D2D communication exclude a number of subframes of the radio access network, such that a periodicity of the D2D communication in number of subframes divides the number of subframes available for D2D communication. The method also comprises using (660) the determined subframes for enabling D2D communication.

A method for determining threshold signal power for a switching control module of a TDD switching sub-system includes setting a threshold signal power to a first value, wherein the threshold signal power is compared to a measured signal power of a downlink path signal of a telecommunication system from a measurement receiver; determining a first downlink signal time using the first value; adjusting the threshold signal power to a second value; determining a second downlink signal time using the second value; determining a difference between the first and second downlink signal times; when difference between the first and second downlink signal times does not exceed a predetermined threshold, determining whether the second downlink signal time corresponds to a valid downlink signal time; when second downlink signal time corresponds to a valid downlink signal time, setting a fixed threshold signal power for use during online operation of the switching control module.

One embodiment is directed to a method (and system and apparatus) for determining timing for a time division duplex (TDD) signal in a distributed antenna system (DAS). The method comprises (and the system and apparatus are configured for) grouping power samples of a downlink portion of the TDD signal into blocks corresponding to a respective time period, comparing power samples of the blocks to a power threshold, assigning the blocks as ON or OFF based on a number of power samples in a respective block that are above the power threshold, identifying a start of a downlink burst in the TDD signal as an ON block preceded by at least a minimum number of consecutive OFF blocks, and controlling at least one component in the DAS based on the start of the downlink burst.

A method can be used for managing a real-time detection related to a scene. A succession of steps of scene detection is spaced apart by time intervals. A time interval separating a current step of scene detection from a previous step of scene detection is adjusted according to an adjustment criterion linked to a previous scene actually detected. The succession of steps and the adjustment are performed by a wireless communication apparatus.