Disclosed herein are methods for determining resection depths for a knee arthroplasty procedure. The method may comprise the steps of determining a joint translation threshold, determining a joint translation of the femur with respect to the tibia during a joint gap measurement, setting a final joint gap measurement and determining knee resection depths based on the final joint gap measurement. The joint translation threshold may be defined as a translation distance of a femur with respect to a tibia. The joint translation may be less than or equal to the joint translation threshold.

Patient specific implant technology, in which an outline representation of a portion of an outer surface of a periphery of a bone volume is determined and the outline representation is used in operations related to implant matching. In addition, an instrument may be made to match a perimeter shape of a Patient Specific Knee Implant with features for locating holes in a distal femur such that posts or lugs in a femoral implant locate the femoral implant centered medial-laterally within an acceptable degree of precision to prevent overhang of either the side of the femoral implant over the perimeter of the distal femur bone resections. Further, a two-dimensional outline representation may be segmented into segments that correspond to resection cuts used in fitting an implant on a portion of a bone and operations related to implant matching may be performed based on the segments.

Devices and methods for performing a surgical step or surgical procedure with visual guidance using an optical head mounted display are disclosed.

Methods and systems for identifying and determining the size and orientation of a reamed portion of a patient's bone are disclosed. A tracking array and/or point probe may be inserted into an adapter device. The adapter device comprising a plurality of openings, having various connection means therein, such that when the tracking array is inserted into the adapter, a secure and robust connection is created. A reamer, stem, or similar tool may then be inserted into the opposing side of the adapter, during which, a secure and robust connection is created between the adapter and the tool. Thus, through the use of Computer Assisted Surgery Systems, a more accurate representation of the patient's anatomy can be obtained.

An implant resection system for preparing an implant site to replace a defect in an articular surface of a first bone includes a guide configured to be coupled generally perpendicular to the first bone proximate to the defect. The guide includes a body portion defining a plurality of excision passageways. The excision passageways each define a generally cylindrical core pathway configured to extend generally perpendicular to the first bone which partially overlaps with an adjacent generally cylindrical core pathway. A projection associated with each of the plurality of the generally cylindrical core pathways defines a truncated cylindrical excision site extending through a portion of the articular surface. Each truncated cylindrical excision site partially overlaps with at least one adjacent truncated cylindrical excision site.

A medical device to facilitate a distal femoral cut of a femur of a patient is described herein. Such medical devices can include a base having a planar surface along a first plane between a distal end and a proximal end of the base. The medical device also includes one or more projections extending from the distal end of the base. The medical device also includes a cutting guide used to guide cutting of the distal femoral cut and a mounting mechanism that is used to releasably couple the cutting guide to the proximal end of the base. The base, the one or more projections, and the cutting guide are configured to engage various surfaces femoral condyles of the femur when the medical device is placed on a knee joint without requiring insertion of an intermedullary femoral rod into the femoral canal of the knee.

The invention relates to a surgical system for cutting an anatomical structure (F, T) of a patient according to at least one target plane defined in a coordinate system of the anatomical structure, comprising: (i) a robotic device (100) comprising: —an end effector (2), —an actuation unit (4) having at least three motorized degrees of freedom, configured for adjusting a position and orientation of the end effector (2) relative to each target plane, —a passive planar mechanism (24) connecting the terminal part (40) of the actuation unit (4) to the end effector (2); (ii) a tracker (203) rigidly attached to the end effector (2), (iii) a tracking unit (200) configured to determine in real time the pose of the end effector (2) with respect to the coordinate system of the anatomical structure, a control unit (300) configured to determine the pose of the end effector with respect to the target plane and to control the actuation unit so as to bring the cutting plane into alignment with the target plane.

Systems and methods for joint replacement are provided. The systems and methods include a surgical orientation device, a reference sensor device, and at least one orthopedic fixture. The surgical orientation device, reference sensor device, and orthopedic fixtures can be used to locate the orientation of an axis in the body, to adjust an orientation of a cutting plane or planes along a bony surface, or otherwise to assist in an orthopedic procedure(s).

A computer-implemented method for creating an activity-optimized cutting guides for surgical procedures includes receiving one or more pre-operative images depicting one or more anatomical joints of a patient, and creating a three-dimensional anatomical model of the one or more anatomical joints based on the one or more pre-operative images. One or more patient-specific anatomical measurements are determined based on the three-dimensional anatomical model. A statistical model of joint performance is applied to the patient-specific anatomical measurements to identify one or more cut angles for performing a surgical procedure. A patient-specific cutting guide is created that comprises one or more apertures positioned based on the one or more cut angles.

A method of performing arthroplasty of an anatomical joint for receipt of an implant is disclosed. The method includes developing a preoperative plan, designing a patient specific guide based on the preoperative plan, obtaining the patient specific guide, placing the patient specific guide relative to the identified bone, fixing a pair of pins into the bone to establish an Alpha plane and executing the preoperative plan while referencing the Alpha plane. A desired amount of remaining first bone is determined based on a condition of the anatomical joint and a desired orientation of the implant. The patient specific guide includes a pair of bores defined therein and located in positions to accept a complementary pair of pins. The bores are arranged at locations on the patient specific guide to orient the respective pins in a direction optimized for surgeon access to the first bone and to establish the Alpha plane.