A surgical apparatus includes an instrument portal including a first proximal end, a first distal end, and a first elongated member, the first elongated member defining a first bore having a first dimension, wherein the first bore extends from the first distal end to the first proximal end, wherein the maximum clearance of the instrument portal is the first dimension and a drill guide reducer configured to be inserted into the instrument portal, the drill guide reducer including an elongated cylindrical member defining an enclosed body surrounding an opening, the enclosed body having an outside dimension that is smaller than the first dimension, such that the drill guide reducer is sized to fit within the instrument portal and defining an inner dimension configured to receive a drill guide, wherein the inner dimension of the drill guide reducer is smaller than the first dimension of the instrument portal.

A surgical apparatus includes an instrument portal including a first proximal end, a first distal end, and a first elongated member, the first elongated member defining a first bore having a first dimension, wherein the first bore extends from the first distal end to the first proximal end, wherein the maximum clearance of the instrument portal is the first dimension and a drill guide reducer configured to be inserted into the instrument portal, the drill guide reducer including an elongated cylindrical member defining an enclosed body surrounding an opening, the enclosed body having an outside dimension that is smaller than the first dimension, such that the drill guide reducer is sized to fit within the instrument portal and defining an inner dimension configured to receive a drill guide, wherein the inner dimension of the drill guide reducer is smaller than the first dimension of the instrument portal.

A threaded implant can be provided with an elongated main body having external threads configured to thread into bone, and an internal support structure located within the external threads. The internal support structure has a helical arrangement that extends in an opposite direction to the external threads. Other threaded implants and methods are also disclosed.

A threaded implant can be provided with an elongated main body having external threads configured to thread into bone, and an internal support structure located within the external threads. The internal support structure has a helical arrangement that extends in an opposite direction to the external threads. Other threaded implants and methods are also disclosed.

A locking element is configured to be used with a polyaxial bone anchor. The locking element including a central axis, a bottom side, a top side opposite to the bottom side, and a peripheral surface portion that extending completely around the locking element that has an external thread. The bottom side defines a first recess facing toward the bottom side for accommodating and applying a force in a direction toward the bottom side to at least the portion of the head of the polyaxial bone anchor. The top side defines a second recess having a non-circular cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the central axis for torqueable engagement with a driver.

A fixation system (900) for the fixation of a first bone fragment (932) relative to a second bone fragment (934); the fixation system (900) comprising at least one first bone engagement element engagable with the first bone fragment (932), wherein the first bone engagement element has an elongate body portion, a proximal end, a distal end, and a passageway extending through the body portion from the proximal end to the distal end, at least one further bone engagement element engageable with the second bone fragment (934) and having a tensile element (920) securement portion for affixing a tensile element (920) to the further bone engagement element; wherein the tensile element (920) passing the first bone engagement element when engaged with the first bone fragment (932) is fixed relative to the further bone engagement element when engaged with the second bone fragment (934) by the tensile element (920) securement portion; such that the first bone fragment (932) is affixed relative to the second bone fragment (934) from tensile stress in the tensile element (920).

An osteotomy implant includes a first surface extending generally in a first plane and a second surface extending generally in a second plane, oblique to the first plane. The first surface has a perimeter having a first linear edge, a first curve edge connected to the first linear edge, a second linear edge connected to the first curved edge, and a second curved edge connected to the second liner edge.

A spinal plate system that makes it possible to check the extent to which a screw for anchoring the device to a vertebra is inserted in the vertebra is proposed. The spinal plate system includes a fixing plate having a plurality of first fastening holes formed through a surface thereof, a plurality of screws, which are respectively inserted into the plurality of first fastening holes and are threadedly coupled to a vertebra, and a locking rivet, which is disposed adjacent to the plurality of fastening holes and which comes into contact with first ends of the plurality of screws so as to hold the plurality of screws, the locking rivet including an elastic portion, which is elastically deformed by the plurality of screws when the screws are inserted into the fixing plate and which is elastically restored after the screws are completely inserted to a predetermined depth.

An anterior cervical plate system with integrated locks which is additively manufactured as one component is disclosed. The anterior cervical plate system comprises a plate having at least one through hole configured to receive a bone screw for attaching the plate to a patient's bone. The plate includes a lock component adjacent to the at least one through hole. The lock component is connected to the plate such that the lock component is permitted to rotate with respect to the plate. The lock component has an unlocked position in which the locking ends of the lock component do not cover the head of the bone screw inside the through hole, and a locked position in which at least part of the locking ends engage the head portion of the bone screw to prevent the bone screw from backing out of the through hole.

A distraction system can include a distraction implant comprising a magnetic element and a distraction mechanism configured to expand the distraction implant in response to rotation of the magnetic element. The distraction system can include an external device comprising a motor configured to rotate a driver magnet while in a powered state, the driver magnet configured to rotate the magnetic element, a computing device configured. The computing device can be configured to measure an electrical current drawn by the motor during rotation of the driver magnet. The computing device can be configured to maintain the motor in the powered state in response to a mean value of the electrical current being greater than or equal to a mean value threshold, and a standard deviation value of the electrical current being less than or equal to a standard deviation threshold.