A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active fluoride material and a nanoporous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active fluoride material is disposed. The active fluoride material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The storing and releasing of the ions may cause a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

A cathode active material comprises lithium peroxide, wherein the lithium peroxide is provided at least in part with a coating, and wherein the coating comprises a non-metal inorganic compound. Furthermore, a cathode for a lithium-ion battery, and a lithium-ion battery, are specified, which comprise such a cathode active material. In addition, the use of coated lithium peroxide in the production of a lithium-ion battery is described.

A method reduces internal resistance of a battery (204, 300). In the method, a charging current is directed to a battery (204, 300), where the charging current includes spin-polarized and charged electrons. A dedicated spin generator (203) is capable of providing the charging current including spin-polarized and charged electrons. Next, the battery (204, 300) has been manufactured so that the battery includes either ferroelectric or pyroelectric material at least either in an anode (305), in a cathode (302), or in an other element of the battery (204, 300). The material can be selected to be polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVDF”) or modified materials thereof. After at least one cycle of charging of the battery (204, 300), the battery (204, 300) with reduced internal resistance is obtained.

A battery cell pass determination apparatus and a battery cell pass determination method involving verifying, after the battery cell is manufactured, whether the capacity of the battery cell repeatedly charged and discharged for a predetermined number of times satisfies a predetermined reference capacity, that is, determining whether a battery cell is a pass without having to charge and discharge a battery for 300 times, so that it is possible to quickly determine whether the battery cell is a pass.

A method for manufacturing a secondary battery including: forming an electrode assembly including a negative electrode including a silicon-based active material, a positive electrode facing the negative electrode, and a separator between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; impregnating the electrode assembly by injecting an electrolytic solution into the electrode assembly to form an impregnated electrode assembly; performing activation through first charging/discharging in at least one cycle while pressurizing the impregnated electrode assembly to form an activated electrode assembly; allowing the activated electrode assembly to stand at 40° C. to 80° C. in a state of being charged to a SOC of 70% or more; removing a gas generated from the electrode assembly after allowing the activated electrode assembly to stand; and subjecting the electrode assembly to a second charging/discharging in at least one cycle at 15° C. to 30° C. after the removing of gas generated from the electrode assembly.

Supplemental lithium can be used to stabilize lithium ion batteries with lithium rich metal oxides as the positive electrode active material. Dramatic improvements in the specific capacity at long cycling have been obtained. The supplemental lithium can be provided with the negative electrode, or alternatively as a sacrificial material that is subsequently driven into the negative electrode active material. The supplemental lithium can be provided to the negative electrode active material prior to assembly of the battery using electrochemical deposition. The positive electrode active materials can comprise a layered-layered structure comprising manganese as well as nickel and/or cobalt.

A lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is lithiated by pre-lithiation, a total capacity of a negative electrode active material of the negative electrode is larger than a total capacity of a positive electrode active material of the positive electrode, and a charge capacity of the negative electrode is smaller than a charge capacity of the positive electrode by the pre-lithiation.

A composite cathode including: a cathode conductor layer including a mixed conductor; and a cathode junction layer adjacent to the cathode conductor layer, the cathode junction layer including a solid electrolyte, wherein the mixed conductor has a lithium-ion conductivity and an electrical conductivity, and wherein the solid electrolyte has a lithium-ion conductivity. In addition, the present disclosure provides a lithium-air battery including the composite cathode.

The problem of high rate electrodeposition of metals such as copper during electrowinning operations or high rate charging of lithium or zinc electrodes for rechargeable battery applications while avoiding the adverse effects of dendrite formation such as causing short-circuiting and/or poor deposit morphology is solved by pulse reverse current electrodeposition or charging whereby the forward cathodic (electrodeposition or charging) pulse current is “tuned” to minimize dendrite formation for example by creating a smaller pulsating boundary layer and thereby minimizing mass transport effects leading to surface asperities and the subsequent reverse anodic (electropolishing) pulse current is “tuned” to eliminate the micro- and macro-asperities leading to dendrites.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a secondary battery comprising the steps of: forming a secondary battery structure comprising an electrode assembly comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator and an electrolyte solution, and activating the secondary battery structure by charging and discharging for at least one cycle while pressing the secondary battery structure at 1.5 MPa to 3.5 MPa, wherein the negative electrode comprises a silicon-based active material.