The present specification relates to a sheet laminate for a solid oxide fuel cell, a precursor for a solid oxide fuel cell including the same, an apparatus for manufacturing a sheet laminate for a solid oxide fuel cell, and a method for manufacturing a sheet laminate for a solid oxide fuel cell.

A process for the preparation of a membrane electrode assembly comprising providing, in the following layer order, (I) a green supporting electrode layer comprising a composite of a mixed metal oxide and Ni oxide; (IV) a green mixed metal oxide membrane layer; and (V) a green second electrode layer comprising a composite of a mixed metal oxide and Ni oxide; and sintering all three layers simultaneously.

A positive electrode configured to use oxygen as a positive active material, and a barrier layer disposed on a surface of the porous layer, wherein a porosity of the porous layer is greater than a porosity of the barrier layer, wherein the barrier layer includes a first lithium-containing metal oxide; a lithium-air battery including the positive electrode; and a method of manufacturing the positive electrode.

A solid oxide fuel cell includes a support of which a main component is a metal, a mixed layer that is provided on the support and includes a metallic material and a ceramics material, an intermediate layer that is provided on the mixed layer and includes an electron conductive ceramics material, and an anode that is provided on the intermediate layer and includes an oxygen ion conductive ceramics material and Ni. A ratio of a metal component in the intermediate layer is smaller than a ratio of the metallic material in the mixed layer.

A method of making a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) includes the steps of providing a first SOFC layer laminate tape comprising a first SOFC layer composition attached to a flexible carrier film layer, providing a second SOFC laminate tape comprising a second SOFC layer composition attached to a flexible carrier film layer, and providing a third SOFC layer laminate tape comprising a third SOFC layer composition attached to a flexible carrier film layer. The first SOFC layer laminate tape, the second SOFC layer laminate tape, and the third SOFC layer laminate tape are assembled on rolls positioned along a roll-to-roll assembly line. The laminate tapes are sequentially laminated and calendered and the flexible carrier films removed to provide a composite SOFC precursor laminate that can be sintered and combined with a cathode to provide a completed SOFC. An assembly for making composite SOFC precursor laminates is also disclosed.

A method of forming a fuel cell catalyst system, the method includes providing an anticorrosive, conductive catalyst support material having oxygen vacancies and a formula (I):

MgTi.sub.2O.sub.5-(I),

where .sub. is any number between 0 and 3 optionally including a fractional part denoting the oxygen vacancies, coating the catalyst support material with a polymeric film, attaching a catalyst material onto the polymeric film, removing the polymeric film, and providing additional material onto the support material to increase physical, electrical, and/or mechanical contact between the catalyst material and the catalyst support material.

State-of-the-art flow batteries suffer from drawbacks such as congestion of their electrodes, defects in liquid tightness, or shunt currents, all of which may lead to efficiency drop. Solution The problem is solved by a flow battery comprising multi-chambered ducts (100) mutually plugged together, each duct containing an integrated air electrode (111) and partition walls being partly ion-permeably perforated and partly impermeable, and nonconducting joining elements with integrated passages, the joining elements plugged bilaterally onto the ducts (100).

A cell structure includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the cathode and the anode, the cathode being in the form of a sheet, the anode being in the form of a sheet, the solid electrolyte layer being in the form of a sheet, the solid electrolyte layer being disposed on the anode, the cathode being disposed on the solid electrolyte layer, the cathode having a resistance Rc, the anode and the solid electrolyte layer having a resistance Ra, the resistance Rc and the resistance Ra satisfying a relationship of Rc/Ra0.3, the cathode including a first metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, the cathode having a thickness larger than 15 m and equal to or less than 30 m.

Herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing comprises depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; heating in situ the object using electromagnetic radiation (EMR); wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the radiation than the first material. In an embodiment, the EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm.sup.2. In an embodiment, the EMR comprises UV light, near ultraviolet light, near infrared light, infrared light, visible light, laser, electron beam. In an embodiment, said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or combinations thereof.

A cathode having a tandem electrocatalyst structure is provided. The cathode includes a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other, a layer formed on a surface of each of the plurality of wires, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the layer. Each of the plurality of wires includes a first perovskite material or a metal. The layer includes a second perovskite material. Each of the nanoparticles includes a metal oxide.