The present disclosure provides a flow battery module for improving energy efficiency of flow battery during dynamic load conditions. The flow battery module comprises a plurality of stacks connected in any or a combination of parallel and series. One or more pumps are configured to circulate electrolyte to the stack where ion exchange between the electrolyte occurs and a current is generated. A series of switches are configured between the flow battery and an external load or source. Based on the load or charging power stacks can be electrically and fluidically isolated thereby decreasing parasitic power consumption and self-discharge current, and as a result improving energy efficiency.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of controlling a rate of hydrogen release from a decomposition reaction of a hydrogen carrier includes: relating the rate to a temperature and a composition of the metastable hydrogen carrier; determining the composition of the metastable hydrogen carrier; and adjusting the temperature according to the relating of the rate and the determining of the composition.

Disclosed is a fuel cell system and a method for controlling the same which in a constant current operation mode in which an output current of a fuel cell stack is constant, controls a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, or a hydrogen recirculation unit differently depending on the size of a target output current to prevent the local flooding of the fuel cell stack in the constant current operation mode.

To provide a fuel cell system configured to suppress the occurrence of partial fuel gas deficiency in a fuel cell. A fuel cell system wherein at least one injector selected from the group consisting of a first injector and a second injector is driven by duty ratio control to maintain a fuel gas pressure to the fuel cell within a predetermined range, in accordance with an output current value; wherein a controller determines whether or not the output current value is larger than a predetermined first threshold; and wherein, when the controller determines that the output current value is larger than the predetermined first threshold, the controller drives the first injector by duty ratio control, and the controller drives the second injector by duty ratio control to open a valve of the second injector at least while a valve of the first injector is closed.

Systems and methods for operating an electric energy storage device are described. The systems and methods may generate a state of charge estimate that is based on negative electrode plating. An overall state of charge may be determined from the state of charge estimate that is based on negative electrode plating and a state of charge estimate that is not based on negative electrode plating.

The invention relates to a device (1) having at least one fuel cell (2) and a DC/DC converter (3) assigned to the latter. A variable voltage generated in the fuel cell (2) is converted, by means of the DC/DC converter (3), into a DC voltage for a system (4) to be supplied. The DC/DC converter (3) is designed to capture internal characteristic variables of the fuel cell (2). Operating states of the fuel cell (2) are captured and/or controlled in dependence on these characteristic variables.

An environmental control system assembly for an aircraft is provided. The assembly includes: an environmental control system; a fuel cell assembly in electrical communication with the environmental control system for providing electrical power to the environmental control system; and a controller operably connected to the fuel cell assembly, the controller operable to modulate an amount of power generated by the fuel cell assembly and provided to the environmental control system based on load forecasting data from an ECS load forecasting module of the controller.

The present disclosure relates to a system for supplying hydrogen and a method for controlling the same. The system includes a hydrogen compressor for electrochemically compressing the hydrogen, and a controller that preliminarily drives the hydrogen compressor, estimates an amount of hydrogen transferred via a membrane electrode assembly interposed between an anode separator and a cathode separator in a cell of the hydrogen compressor in a period of the preliminary driving, and performs initialization driving to reduce moisture on a side of the anode separator of the cell based on the transferred amount of hydrogen being smaller than a threshold value.

Some embodiments of the disclosures provide an anode recovery system of a fuel cell. The anode recovery system includes a gas supply unit connected to a power generation unit, a gas-liquid separator connected to the power generation unit and a first anode gas recovery control component; and a storage tank connected to the gas-liquid separator and a cathode recovery system. The gas supply unit is configured to provide anode gas to the power generation unit. A first part of unreacted anode gas from the power generation unit mixes with the anode gas and flows back to the power generation unit sequentially via the gas-liquid separator and the first anode gas recovery control component. A second part of the unreacted anode gas and generated water are discharged from the power generation unit to the storage tank and is further discharged to the cathode recovery system.

A method of monitoring and replacing fuel cells within a fuel cell stack assembly. The method includes measuring one or more operating conditions of a fuel cell within the fuel cell stack assembly. The method includes determining, using a processor, a state of health of the fuel cell based at least in part on the one or more operating conditions. The method includes detaching the fuel cell from an adjacent cell within the fuel cell stack assembly by removing a first electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a first endplate of the fuel cell from a second electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a second endplate of the adjacent cell. The method includes attaching a replacement fuel cell by mating a third electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a third endplate of the replacement fuel cell with a fourth electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a fourth endplate of the adjacent cell.