A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face. The front face is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. Each of front-side openings that are openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face has an area of 3.0×10.sup.−4 mm.sup.2 or more and 3.0×10.sup.−3 mm.sup.2 or less.

An electrochemical element including a conductive plate-like support provided with an internal passage therein. The plate-like support includes, in at least a portion of a metal support included in the plate-like support: a gas-permeable portion through which gas is permeable between the internal passage, which is located inside the plate-like support, and the outside; and an electrochemical reaction portion that entirely or partially covers the gas-permeable portion and includes at least a film-like electrode layer, a film-like electrolyte layer, and a film-like counter electrode layer in the stated order. The plate-like support is provided with a plurality of passages in the internal passage.

A fuel cell system that includes a first fuel cell that generates electric power using a hydrogen-containing fuel gas; a second fuel cell that generates electric power using off-gas exhausted from the first fuel cell and containing hydrogen that has not reacted in the first fuel cell; a first control device that controls the electric power output from the first fuel cell by adjusting a current or a voltage being output from the first fuel cell; a second control device that controls the electric power output from the second fuel cell by adjusting a current or a voltage being output from the second fuel cell; and an output control device that controls at least one of the first control device or the second control device such that a total electric power being generated by the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell approaches an electric power demand.

A system includes an electrical storage device that stores an electric power generated by a fuel cell, an electric load to which the electric power is supplied using the electric power of the fuel cell and/or the electrical storage device, and an electric power control part that controls supply of the electric power to the electric load, and the electric power control part performs warming-up control of the fuel cell when an electric power requested to be generated at the fuel cell is less than a predetermined value, and causes the fuel cell to generate an electric power that is greater than the electric power requested to be generated at the fuel cell and causes to store excess electric power in the electrical storage device when the electric power requested to be generated at the fuel cell is equal to or greater than the predetermined value.

An electrical system, and, more particularly, to an electrical system for an aircraft comprising one or more energy sinks and a hybrid energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system may comprise one or more primary energy sources, a secondary energy source, and a secondary energy source control unit. The one or more primary energy sources may be coupled to and supply power to the one or more energy sinks. The secondary energy source may be coupled to the one or more primary energy sources and adapted to supply power at a variable output voltage to the one or more primary energy sources.

A fuel cell system installed in a vehicle includes: a fuel cell; a secondary battery; a load including a drive motor and an air compressor; a fuel cell converter; a secondary battery converter; a failure detection unit; a first state determination unit; a reverse rotation detection unit; and a control unit. The control unit performs a limp-home traveling control that supplies electric power from the secondary battery to the drive motor when the secondary battery converter fails. When the vehicle is not in the first state, the control unit prohibits regeneration of the drive motor. When the vehicle is in the first state, the control unit supplies a reaction current to the air compressor. When the reaction current is applied and a reverse rotation of the air compressor is detected, the control unit does not apply the reaction current thereafter.

A fuel cell vehicle includes: a stack case accommodating a fuel cell stack; and a PCU that is disposed to face the stack case and is coupled to the stack case via bus bars. A through-hole is formed in a top plate of the stack case facing the PCU. The PCU is also coupled and fixed to a vehicle body via a coupling member.

In a control device for a power converter converting electric power of a fuel cell stack, the power converter includes first and second reactors, a first switching element connected to the first reactor, and a second switching element connected to the second reactor. The second reactor is located closer to a cooling water discharge manifold than the first reactor. The control device configured to: set first and second duty cycles of the first and second switching element; and execute limit control in which, by controlling the setting of the first and second duty cycles, a second amount of heat generated by the second reactor due to a second current is limited to a value smaller than a first amount of heat generated by the first reactor due to a first current within a period of at least multiple ON-OFF cycles of the first and second switching elements.

A fuel cell system includes fuel cell, an electrical storage device that stores electric power generated by the fuel cell, and a control device that controls generation of power by the fuel cell, that acquires a charging rate of the electrical storage device, when the electric power in the electrical storage device is supplied to external devices, the control device performs first control which increases a charging rate of the electrical storage device and second control which restricts a power generation amount of the fuel cell to be smaller than in the first control and decreases a charging rate of the electrical storage device, and when a temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than a predetermined temperature, a power generation amount per hour of the fuel cell in the first control is reduced in comparison when the detected temperature is equal to or greater than the predetermined temperature.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, an accumulator configured to store a fuel gas, a gas remaining quantity acquisition unit configured to obtain a remaining quantity of the fuel gas stored in the accumulator, and a power generation control unit. When the remaining quantity of the fuel gas stored in the accumulator is decreased to a threshold value, the power generation control unit performs switching from humid power generation control to dry power generation control.