An anion exchange membrane includes a porous structural framework and bismuth atoms bonded to pore surfaces of the porous structural framework. Each bismuth atom is bonded to a pore surface by way of one or two oxygen atoms.

According to an embodiment, there is provided a polymer electrolyte membrane, comprising a polymer film including a styrene-based resin, a polyolefin-based resin, and an olefin-based elastomer resin. The polymer film is bonded with a sulfonic acid group (—SO3H) capable of cation exchange through a sulfonation reaction.

A proton exchange solid support includes a first solid support including a polymer, a second solid support, and a tetravalent boron-based acid group that links the first solid support to the second solid support.

A continuous automated process and production line for preparing an acid doped polybenzimidazole, PBI, polymer membrane film for use in a fuel cell, the process comprising a washing stage, a drying procedure, and a doping stage.

A continuous automated process and production line for preparing an acid doped polybenzimidazole, PBI, polymer membrane film for use in a fuel cell, the process comprising a washing stage, a drying procedure, and a doping stage.

The current disclosure teaches one to achieve PBI membranes with high ionic conductivity and low mechanical creep for the first time. This is in contrast to previous teachings of PBI membrane fabrication methods, which yield PBIs with either high ionic conductivity and high mechanical creep or low ionic conductivity and low mechanical creep. The membranes produced according to the disclosed process provide doped membranes for applications in fuel cells and electrolysis devices such as electrochemical separation devices.

A reinforced ion-conducting membrane comprises a planar reinforcing component which comprises a porous polymer material; an ion-conducting component embedded in at least a region of the planar reinforcing component, which ion-conducting component comprises an ion-conducting polymer material; and linking groups which are chemically bonded to both the planar reinforcing component and the ion-conducting component. The reinforced ion-conducting membrane is useful as the membrane in a membrane-electrode assembly for example as used in fuel cells.

A reinforced ion-conducting membrane comprises a planar reinforcing component which comprises a porous polymer material; an ion-conducting component embedded in at least a region of the planar reinforcing component, which ion-conducting component comprises an ion-conducting polymer material; and linking groups which are chemically bonded to both the planar reinforcing component and the ion-conducting component. The reinforced ion-conducting membrane is useful as the membrane in a membrane-electrode assembly for example as used in fuel cells.

The present disclosure relates to improved composite electrolyte membranes with low swelling properties, membrane-electrode assemblies and electrochemical devices comprising the improved composite electrolyte membranes, and methods of manufacturing said membranes.

The present disclosure relates to improved composite electrolyte membranes with low swelling properties, membrane-electrode assemblies and electrochemical devices comprising the improved composite electrolyte membranes, and methods of manufacturing said membranes.