The electrochemical energy conversion system include an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The proton exchange membrane includes a polymer having a hard block polymer, a soft block polymer, and one or more hydrophilic functional groups attached to the soft block polymer. The glass transition temperature of the hard block polymer is higher than a glass transition temperature of the soft block polymer, such that the hard block polymer is non-elastic and the soft block polymer is elastic at a desired operating temperature. The hydrophilic functional groups are attached to the soft block polymer via a thiol-ene reaction to modify double bonds in the soft block polymer. The swellable functional groups are selectively connected to the soft domains of the block copolymers, so that when the membrane swells (under hydration or gas adsorption), the stress is effectively absorbed by the soft domain and the impact on overall mechanical properties is minor, resulting in more durable membranes.

A flow battery includes: a first liquid containing a first nonaqueous solvent; a first electrode that is at least partly immersed in the first liquid; a second electrode which is a counter electrode to the first electrode; and a separator isolating the first electrode from the second electrode. The separator contains a lithium ion conductor. The lithium ion conductor contains a compound including main chains. At least one main chain of the main chains includes one or more aromatic rings and is cross-linked to at least another main chain of the main chains. At least one aromatic ring of the one or more aromatic rings includes one or more sulfo groups.

A flow battery includes: a first liquid containing a first nonaqueous solvent; a first electrode that is at least partly immersed in the first liquid; a second electrode which is a counter electrode to the first electrode; and a separator isolating the first electrode from the second electrode. The separator contains a lithium ion conductor. The lithium ion conductor contains a compound including main chains. At least one main chain of the main chains includes one or more aromatic rings and is cross-linked to at least another main chain of the main chains. At least one aromatic ring of the one or more aromatic rings includes one or more sulfo groups.

A storage module of distributed flow battery is provided. An electrochemical reaction is processed with the positive and negative electrolytes to produce and/or discharge direct current and further output the positive and negative electrolytes after the reaction. The module comprises two end plates; two frames disposed between the two end plates; two current collectors disposed between the two frames; two complex cast polar plates disposed between the two current collectors; two electrodes disposed between the two complex cast polar plates; a membrane disposed between the two electrodes; and three gaskets. Therein, two of the gaskets are set to sandwich and enclose one of the two complex cast polar plates; and the other one of the gaskets is set between the other one of the two complex cast polar plates and an adjacent one of the current collectors.

The present disclosure relates to a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a membrane-electrode assembly to which an electrolyte membrane including a cerium oxide and phosphoric acid functionalized graphene oxide is applied, whereby chemical durability and proton conductivity of the membrane-electrode assembly are improved.

The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane for medium and high temperature, a preparation method thereof and a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell including the same, more particularly to a technology of preparing a composite membrane including an inorganic phosphate nanofiber incorporated into a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer membrane by adding an inorganic precursor capable of forming a nanofiber in a phosphoric acid solution when preparing phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole and using the same as a high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane which is thermally stable even at high temperatures of 200-300 C. without degradation of phosphoric acid and has high ion conductivity.

Described herein are cationic polymers having a plurality of quaternary amino groups, methods of making such polymers, and uses of such polymers as ion exchange membranes in electrochemical devices.

A membrane electrode assembly includes: an electrolyte membrane; a cathode and an anode, each being stacked on the electrolyte membrane; and subgaskets bonded to a peripheral region of the electrolyte membrane, which is outside an active area, in which each of the cathode and the anode are stacked on the electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane is disposed in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the electrolyte membrane, which is outside the active area, with a water discharge blocking region for preventing water in the electrolyte membrane from diffusing and being discharged to outside.

A membrane electrode assembly includes: an electrolyte membrane; a cathode and an anode, each being stacked on the electrolyte membrane; and subgaskets bonded to a peripheral region of the electrolyte membrane, which is outside an active area, in which each of the cathode and the anode are stacked on the electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane is disposed in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the electrolyte membrane, which is outside the active area, with a water discharge blocking region for preventing water in the electrolyte membrane from diffusing and being discharged to outside.

To provide a method for producing a fluorinated polymer, in which it is possible to efficiently and easily control the molecular weight to be proper when polymerizing a perfluoromonomer having a dioxolane ring containing a polymerizable double bond in the ring skeleton, and in which the obtainable fluorinated polymer is less susceptible to a decrease in molecular weight even when contacted with a base. A method for producing a fluorinated polymer, comprising polymerizing a raw-material mixture which contains at least one of a monomer composition M11 which comprises a perfluoromonomer represented by the formula m11 and a fluorinated monomer m11H having at least some of fluorine atoms of said perfluoromonomer substituted by hydrogen atoms, and a monomer composition M12 which comprises a perfluoromonomer represented by formula m12 and a fluorinated monomer m12H having at least some of fluorine atoms of said perfluoromonomer substituted by hydrogen atoms, wherein the total amount of the fluorinated monomer mil H and the fluorinated monomer m12H is from 10 to 1,100 ppm to the total amount of the monomer composition M11 and the monomer composition M12.

##STR00001##