A cell structure includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the cathode and the anode, the cathode being in the form of a sheet, the anode being in the form of a sheet, the solid electrolyte layer being in the form of a sheet, the solid electrolyte layer being disposed on the anode, the cathode being disposed on the solid electrolyte layer, the cathode having a resistance Rc, the anode and the solid electrolyte layer having a resistance Ra, the resistance Rc and the resistance Ra satisfying a relationship of Rc/Ra0.3, the cathode including a first metal oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, the cathode having a thickness larger than 15 m and equal to or less than 30 m.

Provided are solid-state electrolyte structures. The solid-state electrolyte structures are ion-conducting materials. The solid-state electrolyte structures may be formed by 3-D printing using 3-D printable compositions. 3-D printable compositions may include ion-conducting materials and at least one dispersant, a binder, a plasticizer, or a solvent or any combination of one or more dispersant, binder, plasticizer, or solvent. The solid-state electrolyte structures can be used in electrochemical devices.

Herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing comprises depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; heating in situ the object using electromagnetic radiation (EMR); wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the radiation than the first material. In an embodiment, the EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm.sup.2. In an embodiment, the EMR comprises UV light, near ultraviolet light, near infrared light, infrared light, visible light, laser, electron beam. In an embodiment, said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or combinations thereof.

An oxide including a compound represented by Formula 1:

(Li.sub.xM1.sub.y)(M2).sub.3-(M3).sub.2-O.sub.12-zX.sub.z Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, 6x8, 0y<2, 0.20.2, 0.20.2, and 0z2; M1 is a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof; M2 is a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, or a combination thereof; M3 is a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, a hexavalent cation, or a combination thereof; wherein at least one of M1, M2, or M3 includes at least four elements; and X is a monovalent anion, a divalent anion, a trivalent anion, or a combination thereof.

Provided are: an ion conductive solid which has high ion conductivity and can be produced by a heat treatment at a low temperature; and an all-solid-state battery having the same. Provided are: an ion conductive solid containing an oxide represented by general formula Li.sub.6yzY.sub.1xyzM.sub.xZr.sub.yCe.sub.zB.sub.3O.sub.9; and an all-solid-state battery having at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte includes said ion conductive solid. (In the formula, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu. Moreover, x satisfies 0.005x0.800, y satisfies 0.000y0.400, z satisfies 0.000z0.400, and x, y, and z are real numbers satisfying 0.005x+y+z.)

Disclosed are a method for preparing a ceramic material including a compound of a formula of A.sub.2B.sub.xO.sub.y and a ceramic material prepared by the method. The method includes: mixing a first oxide of AO.sub.m and a second oxide of BO.sub.n to obtain a mixture, ball-milling the mixture until a particle size of the mixture is not greater than 1 m with a medium selected from a group consisting of ethanol, acetone, deionized water and a combination thereof, to obtain a powder, drying the powder at a temperature in a range of 60 to 80 C., and sintering the powder with a laser irradiation having a laser wavelength of 980 nm, an irradiation power ranging from 50 to 1500 W and an irradiation period of 3 s to 8 min to obtain the ceramic material.

An electrolyte structure for use in a solid oxide electrochemical device includes a first solid electrolyte and a metal support embedded in the first solid electrolyte such that the first solid electrolyte forms an anode-facing layer that covers an anode-facing surface of the metal support, a cathode-facing layer that covers a cathode-facing surface of the metal support, and two opposing side layers that cover side surfaces of the metal support to form a continuous path around the metal support.

The sintered body has an average particle size in the range of 0.1 m or more and 5 m or less, includes gamet-type oxide base material particles having at least Li, La, and Zr, has 8% by volume or more of voids, and has an ionic conductivity of 1.010.sup.5 S/cm or more at temperature of 25 C.

An electrolyte structure for use in a solid oxide electrochemical device includes a first solid electrolyte and a metal support embedded in the first solid electrolyte such that the first solid electrolyte forms an anode-facing layer that covers an anode-facing surface of the metal support, a cathode-facing layer that covers a cathode-facing surface of the metal support, and two opposing side layers that cover side surfaces of the metal support to form a continuous path around the metal support.

An all solid battery includes: a solid electrolyte layer; a positive electrode layer provided on a first face of the solid electrolyte layer, a part of the positive electrode layer extending to a first edge portion of the solid electrolyte layer; a first margin layer that is provided on an area of the solid electrolyte layer where the positive electrode is not provided; a negative electrolyte layer provided on a second face of the solid electrolyte layer, a part of the negative electrolyte layer extending to a second edge portion of the solid electrolyte layer; a second margin layer that is provided on an area of the second face of the solid electrolyte layer where the negative electrolyte layer is not provided; wherein a main component of the first margin layer and the second margin layer is solid electrolyte of which ionic conductivity is lower than that of the solid electrolyte layer.