A surgical system includes a power supply, a surgical instrument, and a power and data interface assembly. The power and data interface assembly includes a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a first modulator coupled to the primary winding and configured to receive a power signal from the power supply, a first demodulator coupled to the secondary winding, a second modulator coupled to the secondary winding, a second demodulator coupled to the primary winding, and at least one capacitor configured to tune the primary winding to a first resonant frequency and tune the secondary winding to a second resonant frequency different than the first resonant frequency.

Limiting joint temperature. At least some of the example embodiments are systems including an electrosurgical probe and a high frequency power supply. The electrosurgical probe may include: a shaft with a distal end, a proximal end, and lumen defined within the shaft; an active electrode disposed near the distal end; a return electrode disposed on the shaft; and a temperature sensor disposed on the shaft spaced away from the active electrode and the return electrode, the temperature sensor is electrically insulated from the electrically conductive fluid. The high frequency power supply may be coupled to the active electrode, and configured to provide an electrical energy output between the active electrode and the return electrode.

An electrosurgical device having first and second poles; blade electrode with a metal shim having two opposing faces and one or more facets, a nonconductive coating which covers at least the faces and a portion of the facets of the metal shim, while a distal portion of the one or more facets remains uncovered by the nonconductive coating; a lateral electrode comprised of a broad shim having one or more conductive faces and is placed parallel to the blade electrode so that at least one of the one or more conductive faces is exposed and a distal end of the blade electrode protrudes from the lateral electrode; the lateral electrode is fixed stationary relative to the blade electrode; the nonconductive coating insulates the blade electrode from the lateral electrode; and the first pole is connected to the blade electrode and the second pole is connected to the lateral electrode.

A return pad of an electrosurgical system is disclosed. The return pad includes a plurality of conductive members and a plurality of sensing devices. The conductive members are configured to receive radio frequency current applied to a patient. The sensing devices are configured to detect at least one of the following: a nerve control signal applied to the patient; and a movement of an anatomical feature of the patient resulting from application of the nerve control signal.

A surgical system includes an active terminal, a return terminal, an active electrode, a return electrode, an active plug configured to connect to the active terminal, and a return plug configured to connect to the return terminal. The return plug is coupled to the return electrode and coupled between the active plug and the active electrode. The return plug is configured to break an electrical connection between the active plug and the active electrode when the return plug is not connected to the return terminal and to establish an electrical connection between the active plug and the active electrode when the return plug is connected to the return terminal.

A method for performing an electrosurgical procedure at a surgical site on a patient includes continually sensing electrical and physical properties proximate the surgical site that includes acquiring readings of tissue electrical impedance with respect to time at the surgical site; identifying the minima and maxima of the impedance readings with respect to time; and correlating the minima and/or the maxima of the impedance readings with hydration level and/or hydraulic conductivity in the tissue at the surgical site. The method also includes controlling the application of electrosurgical energy to the surgical site to vary energy delivery based on the step of correlating the minima and/or the maxima of the impedance readings with the hydration level/or and the hydraulic conductivity in the tissue at the surgical site. The process may be an ablation process.

A cardiac pacing and irreversible electroporation (IRE) apparatus includes a pulse generator and a shaping circuit. The pulse generator is configured to generate IRE pulses of prespecified shape and repetition rate. The shaping circuit is configured to convert some of the IRE pulses into pacing pulses of prespecified frequency and amplitude, to generate an output signal including ones of the IRE pulses interleaved with ones of the pacing pulses, and to output the output signal to a probe in a heart of a patient for applying the output signal to cardiac tissue.

Systems, devices, and methods for electroporation ablation therapy are disclosed, with a protection device for isolating electronic circuitry, devices, and/or other components from a set of electrodes during a cardiac ablation procedure. A system can include a first set of electrodes disposable near cardiac tissue of a heart and a second set of electrodes disposable in contact with patient anatomy. The system can further include a signal generator configured to generate a pulse waveform, where the signal generator coupled to the first set of electrodes and configured to repeatedly deliver the pulse waveform to the first set of electrodes. The system can further include a protection device configured to selectively couple and decouple an electronic device to the second set of electrodes.

A portable test apparatus for testing an RF/microwave treatment system, the portable test apparatus comprising: a connector configured for connection to a generator or amplifier of the treatment system and/or to a distal end of a reusable transmission cable of the treatment system; a measurement device configured for measuring RF/microwave energy received through the connector; and a test controller configured to: run at least one test of a set of tests for testing the treatment system, at least some of the set of tests comprising using the measurement device to measure RF/microwave energy supplied by a generator or amplifier of the treatment system to a proximal end of the reusable transmission cable and transmitted through the reusable transmission cable to the connector; and analyse and/or record and/or output results of the set of tests.

Limiting joint temperature. At least some of the example embodiments are systems including an electrosurgical probe and a high frequency power supply. The electrosurgical probe may include: a shaft with a distal end, a proximal end, and lumen defined within the shaft; an active electrode disposed near the distal end; a return electrode disposed on the shaft; and a temperature sensor disposed on the shaft spaced away from the active electrode and the return electrode, the temperature sensor is electrically insulated from the electrically conductive fluid. The high frequency power supply may be coupled to the active electrode, and configured to provide an electrical energy output between the active electrode and the return electrode.