An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a first radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter. The electrosurgical generator also includes a second radio frequency source having: a second power supply configured to output a second direct current waveform; a second radio frequency inverter coupled to the second power supply and configured to generate a second radio frequency waveform simultaneously as the first radio frequency waveform; and a second controller configured to control the second radio frequency inverter.

An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a first radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter. The electrosurgical generator also includes a second radio frequency source having: a second power supply configured to output a second direct current waveform; a second radio frequency inverter coupled to the second power supply and configured to generate a second radio frequency waveform simultaneously as the first radio frequency waveform; and a second controller configured to control the second radio frequency inverter.

An electrosurgical generator includes a first radio frequency source having a first power supply configured to output a first direct current waveform; a first radio frequency inverter coupled to the first power supply and configured to generate a first interrogation waveform and a first radio frequency waveform from the first direct current waveform; and a first controller configured to control the first radio frequency inverter to output the first radio frequency waveform based on a response of the first interrogation waveform. The generator also includes a second radio frequency source having a second power supply configured to output a second direct current waveform; a second radio frequency inverter coupled to the second power supply and configured to generate a second interrogation waveform simultaneously as the first interrogation waveform and a second radio frequency waveform simultaneously as the first radio frequency waveform; and a second controller configured to control the second radio frequency inverter to output the second radio frequency waveform based on a response of the second interrogation waveform.

Various systems and methods for controlling an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to the location of tissue grasped within an end effector are disclosed. A control circuit can be configured to apply varying power levels, via a generator, to an ultrasonic transducer driving an ultrasonic electromechanical system to oscillate an ultrasonic blade. Further, the control circuit can measure impedances of the ultrasonic transducer corresponding to the varying power levels and determine a location of tissue positioned within the end effector according to a difference between the impedances of the ultrasonic transducer relative to a threshold.

A system includes a signal generator, configured to pass a generated signal, which has two different generated frequencies, through a circuit including an intrabody electrode. The system further includes a processor, configured to identify, while the generated signal is passed through the circuit, a derived frequency, which is derived from the generated frequencies, on the circuit, and to generate, in response to identifying the derived frequency, an output indicating a flaw in the electrode. Other embodiments are also described.

A system includes a signal generator, configured to pass a generated signal, which has two different generated frequencies, through a circuit including a bidirectional semiconductor device. The system further includes a processor, configured to identify, while the generated signal is passed through the circuit, a derived frequency, which derives from the generated frequencies, on the circuit, and to generate, in response to identifying the derived frequency, an output indicating that a property of the bidirectional semiconductor device is asymmetric. Other embodiments are also described.

In a treatment system, an energy treatment instrument includes a pair of grasping pieces closing with respect to each other. An energy output source outputs electric energy to the energy treatment instrument, thereby applying treatment energy to a treatment target grasped between the grasping pieces. A processor creates an optical flow of the treatment target observed by an observation element, and switches an actuation state of the energy treatment instrument between a first mode for treating the treatment target and a second mode for treating the treatment target that is different from the first mode, based on the optical flow.

Various robotic surgical systems are provided. A robotic surgical system comprises a robotic tool, a control system, and a control module. The control system comprises a control console configured to receive a first user input, and also comprises a control unit in signal communication with the control console and the robotic tool. The control module is configured to receive a second user input, and is in signal communication with the control system.

An audio control system for a modular energy system. The audio control system can include a first controller and a second controller. The first controller can be configured to output an audio signal and an audio signal ID associated with the audio signal. The second controller can be coupled to the first controller and configured to receive the audio signal ID from the first controller and determine whether the audio signal ID corresponds to an expected audio signal ID.

A method implemented by a surgical instrument is disclosed. The surgical instrument includes first and second jaws and a flexible circuit including multiple sensors to optimize performance of a radio frequency (RF) device. The flexible circuit includes at least one therapeutic electrode couplable to a source of RF energy, at least two sensing electrodes, and at least one insulative layer. The insulative layer is positioned between the at least one therapeutic electrode and the at least two sensing electrodes. The method includes contacting tissue positioned between the first and second jaws of the surgical instrument with the at least one therapeutic electrode and at the least two sensing electrodes; sensing signals from the at least two sensing electrodes; and controlling RF energy delivered to the at least one therapeutic electrode based on the sensed signals.