A multi-axis polarized RF antenna assembly includes a circular polarized antenna, a circular isolator, and a linear polarized antenna. The circular polarized antenna includes a conductive ring-shaped body having an inner hole. The circular isolator is connected to the conductive ring-shaped body. The linear polarized antenna is connected to the circular polarized antenna and the circular isolator and extending outward from the circular isolator. The linear polarized antenna includes a sleeve and a conductive element extending through the sleeve. The linear polarize antenna extends orthogonal to a radius of the circular polarized antenna.

A system for accessing or providing operational control of a vehicle includes a network device and a control module. The network device includes: an antenna module including antennas with different polarized axes; a transmitter transmitting a series of tones via the antenna module from the vehicle to a second network device and change the frequencies of the tones during the transmission of the series of tones, where, at any moment in time, at least one of the antennas is not cross-polarized with an antenna of the second network device; and a receiver receiving the series of tones from the second network device. The control module: determines differences in phases of the series of tones versus differences in frequencies of the series of tones; and based on the differences in the phases and the differences in the frequencies, determines a distance between the first network device and the second network device.

A system for accessing or providing operational control of a vehicle includes initiator and sniffer devices. The initiator device includes: polarized antennas; a transmitter transmitting a first tone signal via the polarized antennas from the vehicle to a responder/portable access device; and receiver receiving a second tone signal from the responder device in response to the first tone signal. The sniffer device includes: second polarized antennas; and a second receiver receiving, via the second polarized antennas, the first tone signal from the transmitter and the second tone signal from the responder device. The sniffer device determines states of the first and second tone signals including respective phase delays. The initiator or sniffer device estimates a first distance from the vehicle to the responder device or a second distance from the responder device to the sniffer device based on the states including respective phase delays.

A system includes a transmitter, a receiver and a control module. The transmitter transmits a RF signal from one of a vehicle and a portable access device to the other one of the vehicle and the portable access device. The receiver receives a response signal from one of the vehicle and the portable access device in response to the RF signal. The control module: converts the response signal to in-phase and quadrature-phase signals; based on the RF, in-phase signal and quadrature-phase signals; detects a range extension type relay attack performed by an attacking device to obtain at least one of access to or operational control of the vehicle; where the RF signal is relayed via the attacking device from the vehicle to the portable access device or the response signal is relayed via the attacking device from the portable access device to the vehicle; and performs a countermeasure.

A method for transmitting data includes mapping a first coded information bit stream intended for a first transmit antenna onto at least one first spreading sequence of a plurality of first spreading sequences to generate a first data stream, mapping a second coded information bit stream intended for a second transmit antenna onto at least one second spreading sequence of a plurality of second spreading sequences to generate a second data stream. The method also includes transmitting the first data stream and the second data stream on respective transmit antennas.

The present invention provides a WLAN system resource indication method and apparatus. The method includes: generating, by an access point, a frame that carries resource indication information; and sending, to multiple stations, the frame that carries the resource indication information. The resource indication information includes multiple pieces of sub resource indication information. Correspondingly, each piece of the sub resource indication information uniquely corresponds to one of the multiple stations. Therefore, a station side does not need read the entire resource indication information, so as to reduce resource overheads and improve efficiency.

Modulated signal A is transmitted from a first antenna, and modulated signal B is transmitted from a second antenna. As modulated signal B, modulated symbols S2(i) and S2(i+1) obtained from different data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. In contrast, as modulated signal A, modulated symbols S1(i) and S1(i) obtained by changing the signal point arrangement of the same data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. As a result the reception quality can be changed intentionally at time i and time i+1, and therefore using the demodulation result of modulated signal A of a time when the reception quality is good enables both modulated signals A and B to be demodulated with good error rate performances.

A method of serving a given data stream to a target mobile terminal, in a cellular communications network that includes a plurality of transmitting sites wherein each transmitting site including at least one antenna, is provided. The method includes designating at least two of the plurality of transmitting sites as cooperating sites; assigning tones to each transmitting site from a sub-band associated with the cooperating sites; dividing the data stream into at least two sub-data streams, each of the sub-data streams for transmission over selected tones; and interlacing tones of the cooperating sites in accordance with a selected one of a time switching and a frequency switching transmit diversity technique. Other techniques for multi-site MIMO cooperation are also provided.

This application configures a quantity and size of subbands in a channel state information (CSI) reporting band for flexibility and reduced complexity of terminal addressing by determining a channel state information subband size based on a bandwidth part (BWP), determining a quantity of channel state information subbands included in a channel state information reporting band based on (i) a carrier bandwidth (CC bandwidth), (ii) the BWP bandwidth or (iii) a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) bandwidth and the channel state information subband size. The method further includes determining an actual quantity of resource blocks included in a starting subband and an actual quantity of resource blocks in an ending subband in the channel state information subband.

For example, an EDMG STA may be configured to generate a plurality of spatial streams of an EDMG PPDU; map the plurality of spatial streams to a respective plurality of pairs of space-time streams according to an STBC scheme by mapping a first data sequence of a spatial stream to a first symbol in an odd numbered space-time stream, mapping a second data sequence of the spatial stream to a second symbol in the odd numbered space-time stream, mapping a sign inverted complex conjugate of the second data sequence to a first symbol in an even numbered space-time stream, and mapping a complex conjugate of the first data sequence to a second symbol in the even numbered space-time stream; and transmit a transmission comprising the plurality of pairs of space-time streams over a channel bandwidth in a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).