An outphasing power management circuit for radio frequency (RF) beamforming is disclosed. The outphasing power management circuit includes a first outphasing amplifier branch consisting of a plurality of first power amplifiers and a second outphasing amplifier branch consisting of a plurality of second power amplifiers. A controller operates the first outphasing amplifier branch and the second outphasing amplifier branch as a pair of outphasing power amplifiers. The first outphasing amplifier branch generates a plurality of first output signals, and the second outphasing amplifier branch generates a plurality of second output signals. The first output signals and the second output signals are transmitted in an RF beam without being combined. As such, it is possible to support RF beamforming with a reduced number of power amplifiers and/or direct current (DC) to DC converters, thus helping to improve efficiency and reduce cost.

Methods and devices for IQ time skew and conjugation compensation and calibration of a coherent transmitter or transceiver are described. A pilot tone is combined with a digital data signal such that relative powers of the pilot tone in each of two frequency bands of the transmitted data signal may be detected by a pilot tone detector and used to calculate the time skew between I and Q modulation channels of the transmitter. A transmitter DSP applies IQ time skew bias to the data signal to compensate for any calculated IQ time skew. The pilot tone detector also provides the transmitter DSP with the information necessary to detect phase conjugation of the optical signal, which can be corrected by inverting the polarity of the data signal or changing the phase bias point of the optical modulator.

An optical transmitter has an electrical signal generator configured to generate an electrical drive signal based upon input data; an optical modulator configured to modulate an input light by the electrical drive signal, the optical modulator having a first waveguide pair, a second waveguide pair, and a phase shifter that provides a phase difference between light waves travelling through the first waveguide pair and the second waveguide pair; and a controller configured to set the phase difference at the phase shifter to 0+n* radians, where it is an integer, when a modulation scheme of the optical modulator is changed from a first scheme using four or more phase values to a second scheme using two phase values.

An apparatus is provided. The apparatus may include a drive circuit that selectively supplies a first plurality of electrical signals and a second plurality of electrical signals to a modulation circuit. Based on the first plurality of electrical signals, the modulation circuit may output a first in-phase component being modulated in accordance with a first tone having a first frequency and a first quadrature component being modulated in accordance with a second tone having a second frequency different than the first frequency. Based on the second plurality of electrical signals, the modulation circuit may output a second optical signal having a second in-phase component being modulated in accordance with the second tone and a second quadrature component being modulated in accordance with the first tone.

An optical transmitter includes: a modulator; and a controller configured to control an extinction state, brought about by the modulator, through I control and Q control in which an offset is added to bias and control which is performed in a state in which the offset is added to I bias and Q bias.

A method of generating a signal being phase-shifted at a predetermined phase-shift division factor relative to a reference signal is disclosed. The method comprises: using the predetermined phase-shift division factor for selecting a modulation amplitude, modulating a control signal at the selected modulation amplitude, and combining the reference signal and the control signal to form the phase-shifted.

Device for modulating the intensity of an optical signal on four levels, this device comprising: a first resonant ring modulator comprising an output port capable of delivering a first modulated optical signal, a second resonant ring modulator comprising an output port capable of delivering a second modulated optical signal, an optical assembler comprising: a first input optically coupled to the output port of the second resonant ring modulator, a second input optically coupled to the output port of the first resonant ring modulator, and an output capable of delivering the optical signal of which the intensity is modulated on four different levels constructed by combining the optical signals received on its first and second inputs.

A forward optical intensity modulation signal, generated by optical intensity-modulating a laser signal using a forward microwave phase modulation signal, is transmitted from a base to a remote station. A backward microwave phase modulation signal, in which frequency of the forward microwave phase modulation signal is changed by demodulating the forward optical intensity modulation signal, is generated, and a backward optical intensity modulation signal, generated by optical intensity-modulating the laser signal using the backward microwave phase modulation signal, is transmitted from the remote station to the base. The backward microwave phase modulation signal is extracted by photoelectric converting the backward optical intensity modulation signal, a round trip timing is extracted by demodulating the backward microwave phase modulation signal, and transmission delay is determined from a difference between the timing and the round trip timing.

The embodiments of the application provide a base-calling method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of recognition. The base-calling method comprises: acquiring original light intensity data of original base channels; performing crosstalk correction on the original light intensity data to obtain first corrected light intensity data; performing quantile normalization on the first corrected light intensity data to obtain initial light intensity data; performing phase correction on the initial light intensity data to obtain second corrected light intensity data; performing mean normalization on the second corrected light intensity data to obtain target light intensity data; performing intensity comparison and screening on the original base channels according to the target light intensity data to obtain a target base; and splicing multiple target bases to obtain a target base sequence. The embodiments of the application can improve the base-calling accuracy.

A delay control circuit includes a delay circuit configured to delay, by a predetermined delay, a signal input to a plurality of electrode segments provided in series along one or both of two waveguides of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer of an optical modulator, a monitor configured to monitor a power of a baud rate frequency component including a frequency having a value that is equal to a baud rate or an integer multiple of the baud rate, or a power of a beat frequency component of the baud rate frequency component, from output light of the optical modulator, and a control circuit configured to control a delay amount of the delay circuit so as to maximize a monitored power of the baud rate frequency component or the beat frequency component.