The present disclosure provides an on-board synchronization device. The on-board synchronization device includes: a first circuit and at least one second circuit. The first circuit is configured to receive an initial signal containing Universal Time Coordinated (UTC), generate a first signal containing the UTC, and output the first signal to at least one on-board device, such that the at least one on-board device synchronizes its built-in clock with the UTC based on the first signal. The second circuit is configured to receive a Pulse Per Second (PPS) signal, generate a periodic second signal with a same phase as the PPS signal, and output the second signal or the PPS signal to the at least one on-board device, such that the at least one on-board device performs a predetermined action based on the second signal or the PPS signal.

Establishing an expected transmit time at which a network interface controller (NIC) is expected to transmit a next packet. Enqueuing, with the NIC and before the expected transmit time, a packet P.sub.1 to be transmitted at the expected transmit time. Upon enqueuing P.sub.1, incrementing the expected transmit time by an expected transmit duration of P.sub.1. Transmitting at the NIC's line rate and timestamping enqueued P.sub.1 with its actual transmit time. Adjusting the expected transmit time by a difference between P.sub.1's actual transmit and P.sub.1's expected transmit time. Requesting, before completion of transmitting P.sub.1, to transmit a P.sub.2 at time t(P.sub.2). Enqueuing, in sequence, zero or more P.sub.0, such that the current expected transmit time plus the duration of the transmission of the P.sub.0s at the line rate equals t(P.sub.2). Transmitting at the line rate each enqueued P.sub.0. Upon enqueuing each P.sub.0, incrementing, for each P.sub.0, the expected transmit time by the expected transmit duration of the P.sub.0. Enqueuing P.sub.2 for transmission directly following enqueuing the final P.sub.0. Transmitting, by the NIC, enqueued P.sub.2 at t(P.sub.2).

Techniques are described for avoiding contention between synchronization packets (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) synchronization packets) and in-phase and quadrature (IQ) packets communicated over a fronthaul network used in a radio access network (for example, a Fifth Generation (5G) radio access network).

Embodiments provide devices, methods and computer programs for determining and transmitting in a mobile communication system and a system for time-synchronous sampling. A device (10) is adapted for determining a time base in a mobile transceiver (100) in a mobile communication system (300). The mobile communication system (300) comprises at least one base station transceiver (200) and the mobile transceiver (100) is configured to exchange information in repeating radio frames with the base station transceiver (200). The device (10) includes at least one interface (12) configured to communicate with the at least one base station transceiver (200) of the mobile communication system (300). The device further (10) comprises a control module (14), which is configured to control the at least one interface (12), to establish synchronization with the repeating radio frames, incrementally increment a counter, and receive a message from the at least one base station transceiver (200). The message includes information on a local time reference at the base station transceiver (200). The control module (14) is further configured to adapt the counter based on the information on the local time reference and thus determine the time base.

An information transmission method and apparatus are provided. The method comprises: a first node sends a first data packet to a second node, the first data packet carrying at least one of the following information: first identifier information, first sequence number information, and first timestamp information, wherein the first identifier information is used for instructing the second node returns a second data packet after receiving the first data packet; the first sequence number information is used for identifying the first data packet; and the first timestamp information is used for instructing the first node to send time information of the first data packet.

A data synchronization method, device, equipment, system and storage medium. Including: if a first data packet received by a slave device from a master device during a current Bluetooth low energy (BLE) connection interval is a new data packet, the slave device generates a hardware synchronization signal, which is a synchronization signal generated by a pure hardware circuit; if a data synchronization time of the slave device with the master device is a preset time in the current BLE connection interval, then the slave device performs data synchronization with the master device at the data synchronization time through triggering by the hardware synchronization signal.

Systems and methods are provided that include an access point receiving a request from a device to join a first network defined by a first protocol, the access point allocating a slot of a superframe to the device, and the access point allocating remaining slots of the superframe to communication by the access point on a second network defined by a second protocol. Additionally or alternatively, some methods can include the access point enabling a first transceiver communicating via the first protocol and either, when the first transceiver receives first data from the device via the first protocol within a predetermined time of a beginning of the slot, receiving second data from the device via the first protocol for a remainder of the slot or, when the first transceiver module fails to receive the first data, the access point enabling a second transceiver for the remainder of the slot.

A service data processing method and apparatus is disclosed. A data frame is divided into code blocks with smaller granularity, and service data is mapped to a corresponding quantity of code blocks in the data frame based on a service requirement. In addition, the data frame is used to indicate a location of a code block carrying the service data. In one manner, a code block in a payload area of the data frame is divided into a data code block and an overhead code block, and the overhead code block is used to indicate a location of a data code block carrying the service data. In the another manner, an indication field is configured in an overhead area of the data frame to indicate a location of a code block that carries the service data and that is in the payload area of the data frame.

Establishing an expected transmit time at which a network interface controller (NIC) is expected to transmit a next packet. Enqueuing, with the NIC and before the expected transmit time, a packet P.sub.1 to be transmitted at the expected transmit time. Upon enqueuing P.sub.1, incrementing the expected transmit time by an expected transmit duration of P.sub.1. Transmitting at the NIC's line rate and timestamping enqueued P.sub.1 with its actual transmit time. Adjusting the expected transmit time by a difference between P.sub.1's actual transmit and P.sub.1's expected transmit time. Requesting, before completion of transmitting P.sub.1, to transmit a P.sub.2 at time t(P.sub.2). Enqueuing, in sequence, zero or more P.sub.0, such that the current expected transmit time plus the duration of the transmission of the P.sub.0s at the line rate equals t(P.sub.2). Transmitting at the line rate each enqueued P.sub.0. Upon enqueuing each P.sub.0, incrementing, for each P.sub.0, the expected transmit time by the expected transmit duration of the P.sub.0. Enqueuing P.sub.2 for transmission directly following enqueuing the final P.sub.0. Transmitting, by the NIC, enqueued P.sub.2 at t(P.sub.2).

A data synchronization method, device, equipment, system and storage medium. Including: if a first data packet received by a slave device from a master device during a current Bluetooth low energy (BLE) connection interval is a new data packet, the slave device generates a hardware synchronization signal, which is a synchronization signal generated by a pure hardware circuit; if a data synchronization time of the slave device with the master device is a preset time in the current BLE connection interval, then the slave device performs data synchronization with the master device at the data synchronization time through triggering by the hardware synchronization signal.