Systems and methods for multi-sensor data fusion include: a counter circuit, measuring a clock rate of a local clock and outputting a difference value associated with the local clock and a counter value; a data collection and counterstamp circuit comprising a plurality of inputs to receive data from a plurality of sensors and a plurality of outputs, wherein the sensors are not synchronized with the multi-sensor data fusion system, and wherein the data collection and counterstamp circuit determines a sample delay for received sensor data and determines a timestamp corresponding to the measurement time for received sensor data using the determined sample delay; and a data fusion circuit comprising a plurality of inputs to receive sensor data from the data collection and counter stamp circuit, the data fusion circuit outputting information with even output timing, synchronized with an application processor.

This application discloses a flexible Ethernet group establishment method and a device. The method includes: determining that there are at least M physical layer PHY links; receiving at least M delay test requests sent by a near-end device; determining, by the far-end device, at least M receiving time points at which the at least M delay test requests are received; and determining M PHY links used to establish a flexible Ethernet group, from the at least M PHY links based on the at least M receiving time points, where a delay difference between any two of the M PHY links satisfies a preset delay condition. According to the method in this application, the delay difference between the any two PHY links is accurately determined based on time points at which delay test requests are received over any two PHY links.

Establishing an expected transmit time at which a network interface controller (NIC) is expected to transmit a next packet. Enqueuing, with the NIC and before the expected transmit time, a packet P.sub.1 to be transmitted at the expected transmit time. Upon enqueuing P.sub.1, incrementing the expected transmit time by an expected transmit duration of P.sub.1. Transmitting at the NIC's line rate and timestamping enqueued P.sub.1 with its actual transmit time. Adjusting the expected transmit time by a difference between P.sub.1's actual transmit and P.sub.1's expected transmit time. Requesting, before completion of transmitting P.sub.1, to transmit a P.sub.2 at time t(P.sub.2). Enqueuing, in sequence, zero or more P.sub.0, such that the current expected transmit time plus the duration of the transmission of the P.sub.0s at the line rate equals t(P.sub.2). Transmitting at the line rate each enqueued P.sub.0. Upon enqueuing each P.sub.0, incrementing, for each P.sub.0, the expected transmit time by the expected transmit duration of the P.sub.0. Enqueuing P.sub.2 for transmission directly following enqueuing the final P.sub.0. Transmitting, by the NIC, enqueued P.sub.2 at t(P.sub.2).

In various embodiments, a method is provided. In this method, a first signal is received from a master node, and is sampled to obtain a first sample. The first sample is then quantized to obtain a quantized form of the first sample. A first synchronization sequence is detected from the quantized form of the first sample at T2. First information is received from the master node and the first information is used to indicate a moment T1 at which the master node sends the first synchronization sequence. A second synchronization sequence is sent to the master node at T3. Second information received from the master node and the second information is used to indicate a moment T4 at which the master node detects a quantized form of the second synchronization sequence. Time synchronization is performed based on T1, T2, T3, and T4.

Time stamp replication within wireless networks is described. In an embodiment, a wireless station receives an input time stamp and uses this input time stamp to generate an output time stamp. The wireless station transmits the output time stamp to wireless stations in one of a number of groups which make up the wireless network. The output time stamp is generated to compensate for delays between receiving the input time stamp and transmitting the output time stamp such that output time stamp which is transmitted at a time T corresponds to the value that the input time stamp would have had if it had been received at time T (and not at a time earlier than T). This may, therefore, reduce or eliminate independent time stamp errors and jitter caused by multiple disparate systems and processes.

A network device such as a router or switch, in one embodiment, includes a timing analyzer which is capable of providing timing analysis over one or more network circuits. The timing analyzer, in one aspect, receives a data packet traveling across a circuit emulation service (CES) circuit such as T1 or E1 circuit. Upon obtaining an arrival timestamp associated with the data packet, the arrival timestamp is stored in a timestamp buffer in accordance with a first-in first-out (FIFO) storage sequence. After identifying the oldest arrival timestamp in the timestamp buffer, an offset is generated based on the result of comparison between the arrival timestamp and the oldest timestamp. The timing analyzer can also be configured to generate timing reports on-demand based on generated offset(s).

A clock synchronization method includes receiving, by a receiving apparatus, a plurality of data blocks using a plurality of physical layer modules (PHYs), where the plurality of data blocks include a plurality of head data blocks, performing, by the receiving apparatus, timestamp sampling on the plurality of data blocks to generate a plurality of receipt timestamps, aligning, by the receiving apparatus, the plurality of receipt timestamps using a first receipt timestamp as a reference, generating, by the receiving apparatus, a clock synchronization packet based on the plurality of data blocks, and writing, by the receiving apparatus, a value of a second receipt timestamp into the clock synchronization packet, where the second receipt timestamp is a receipt timestamp that is of a second data block and that is determined based on the plurality of aligned receipt timestamps.

A method, device and system for synchronization message transmission are provided. The method may include that: a transmitting end selects at least one Ethernet Physical Layer Link (PHY) for synchronization message transmission from a Flexible Ethernet (FlexE) group (S201); after encapsulating the synchronization message according to a preset encapsulation strategy, the transmitting end inserts the synchronization message into a synchronization message channel in overhead of the selected Ethernet PHY (S202); and the transmitting end transmits the synchronization message through the selected Ethernet PHY (S203).

Time transfer systems and methods implemented in a first node steps of communicating a stream of encoded blocks with a second node; and communicating synchronization messages with the second node via a synchronization message channel in overhead associated with the stream of encoded blocks, wherein the synchronization messages are utilized for synchronization of a clock at the second node. Each block in the stream of encoded blocks can be one of a data block and an overhead block.

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a timing method and a device for a mobile network. The mobile network comprises: a master clock, a first network, a first network device, and a second network device. The first network device acquires timing information from the master clock through the first network, calibrates a second network device clock of the second network device according to the timing information, and calibrates a terminal clock of a terminal device according to the calibrated second network device clock.